Identity

Question 1

What is identity in the context of psychology?

Answer 1

Identity refers to the qualities, beliefs, personality, looks, and expressions that make a person or group.

Question 2

True or False: Self-evaluation only occurs during childhood.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Fill in the blank: The process of assessing one’s own abilities and qualities is known as __________.

Answer 3

self-evaluation

Question 4

What are the two main components of self-concept?

Answer 4

Self-image and self-esteem

Question 5

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing identity? A) Culture B) Genetics C) Weather

Answer 5

C) Weather

Question 6

What is the difference between self-esteem and self-worth?

Answer 6

Self-esteem is the subjective evaluation of one’s own worth, while self-worth is the intrinsic value one assigns to oneself.

Question 7

True or False: Self-identity can change over time.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What theory explains the development of identity through social interactions?

Answer 8

Social Identity Theory

Question 9

Fill in the blank: The __________ effect refers to the tendency to view oneself more favorably than others.

Answer 9

self-serving

Question 10

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a method of self-evaluation? A) Journaling B) Ignoring feedback C) Comparing oneself to others

Answer 10

A) Journaling

Question 11

What role does feedback play in self-evaluation?

Answer 11

Feedback provides information that can help individuals assess their strengths and areas for improvement.

Question 12

True or False: Self-perception is an essential part of identity formation.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

What is the term for the discrepancy between one’s actual self and ideal self?

Answer 13

Self-discrepancy

Question 14

Fill in the blank: The __________ model of identity emphasizes the importance of social context and relationships.

Answer 14

relational

Question 15

Multiple Choice: Which factor is most likely to influence identity development in adolescence? A) Career choice B) Peer relationships C) Sleep patterns

Answer 15

B) Peer relationships

Question 16

What is the impact of culture on identity?

Answer 16

Culture shapes values, beliefs, and behaviors that contribute to an individual’s identity.

Question 17

True or False: Identity is fixed and does not evolve throughout life.

Answer 17

False

Question 18

What psychological concept describes how individuals categorize themselves within social groups?

Answer 18

Social categorization

Question 19

Fill in the blank: The process of forming an identity during adolescence is often referred to as __________.

Answer 19

identity crisis

Question 20

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common challenge in self-evaluation? A) Overconfidence B) Accurate self-assessment C) Seeking feedback

Answer 20

A) Overconfidence

Question 21

What is self-actualization?

Answer 21

The realization or fulfillment of one’s talents and potential, often considered the highest level of psychological development.

Question 22

True or False: Self-evaluation can lead to personal growth.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

What is the term for the emotional response to one’s self-evaluation?

Answer 23

Self-esteem

Question 24

Fill in the blank: __________ identity refers to how individuals perceive themselves in relation to their cultural background.

Answer 24

Cultural

Question 25

Multiple Choice: Which of the following best describes self-reflection? A) Ignoring past experiences B) Analyzing one's thoughts and feelings C) Following societal norms

Answer 25

B) Analyzing one's thoughts and feelings

Question 26

What is a key benefit of effective self-evaluation?

Answer 26

It helps individuals set realistic goals and improve personal performance.

Question 27

True or False: Self-evaluation should only be done once a year.

Answer 27

False

Question 28

What is the role of social media in shaping identity?

Answer 28

Social media influences how individuals present themselves and perceive their identity based on interactions and feedback.

Question 29

Fill in the blank: __________ is the process of integrating various aspects of self into a coherent identity.

Answer 29

Identity synthesis

Question 30

Multiple Choice: Which psychological theory emphasizes the stages of identity development? A) Maslow's Hierarchy B) Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development C) Skinner's Behaviorism

Answer 30

B) Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development

Question 31

Who developed the psychosexual theory of development?

Answer 31

Sigmund Freud

Question 32

What are the five stages of Freud's psychosexual development?

Answer 32

Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital

Question 33

True or False: The anal stage occurs between the ages of 1 and 3.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

Fill in the blank: The ______ stage is characterized by the child's focus on genitalia and the Oedipus complex.

Answer 34

Phallic

Question 35

What is the primary conflict during the oral stage?

Answer 35

Weaning

Question 36

Which stage is associated with developing a sense of competence?

Answer 36

Latency stage

Question 37

What is the term for unresolved conflicts in Freud's psychosexual stages?

Answer 37

Fixation

Question 38

In which stage does the Oedipus complex occur?

Answer 38

Phallic stage

Question 39

Who proposed the psychosocial theory of development?

Answer 39

Erik Erikson

Question 40

How many stages are there in Erikson's psychosocial development theory?

Answer 40

Eight

Question 41

True or False: Each stage in Erikson's theory is characterized by a specific conflict.

Answer 41

True

Question 42

What is the first stage of Erikson's psychosocial development?

Answer 42

Trust vs. Mistrust

Question 43

Fill in the blank: The conflict of 'Identity vs. Role Confusion' occurs during ______.

Answer 43

Adolescence

Question 44

In Erikson's theory, what is the main challenge during the stage of 'Intimacy vs. Isolation'?

Answer 44

Forming intimate relationships

Question 45

What is the last stage of Erikson's psychosocial development?

Answer 45

Integrity vs. Despair

Question 46

What is the primary focus of Lawrence Kohlberg's moral development theory?

Answer 46

Moral reasoning

Question 47

How many levels are there in Kohlberg's stages of moral development?

Answer 47

Three

Question 48

True or False: The pre-conventional level of moral development is characterized by self-interest.

Answer 48

True

Question 49

What is the highest stage of moral development according to Kohlberg?

Answer 49

Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principles

Question 50

Fill in the blank: The ______ level of moral development is based on social norms and rules.

Answer 50

Conventional

Question 51

What is the key focus of the post-conventional level in Kohlberg's theory?

Answer 51

Abstract reasoning and ethical principles

Question 52

Which theorist emphasized the role of social interaction in moral development?

Answer 52

Lev Vygotsky

Question 53

True or False: Freud believed that personality develops through conflicts between innate drives and societal expectations.

Answer 53

True

Question 54

What is the primary focus of moral development according to Gilligan's ethics of care?

Answer 54

Relationships and care for others

Question 55

Fill in the blank: Kohlberg's moral development stages are divided into ______ levels.

Answer 55

Three

Question 56

What stage involves punishment and obedience in Kohlberg's theory?

Answer 56

Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment Orientation

Question 57

What is a key criticism of Kohlberg's theory?

Answer 57

It may not adequately account for gender differences in moral reasoning.

Question 58

What is the main focus of Freud's theory in terms of personality structure?

Answer 58

Id, Ego, Superego

Question 59

Fill in the blank: The ______ is the part of the personality that operates on the pleasure principle.

Answer 59

Id

Question 60

In Erikson's theory, what is the conflict faced during the 'Generativity vs. Stagnation' stage?

Answer 60

Contributing to society and helping the next generation

Question 61

True or False: Freud's psychosexual theory is primarily focused on social influences.

Answer 61

False

Question 62

What does the term 'moral relativism' refer to in Kohlberg's theory?

Answer 62

The belief that moral judgments are not absolute and can vary based on context.

Question 63

Who critiqued Kohlberg's theory by emphasizing care and relationships?

Answer 63

Carol Gilligan

Question 64

What is the focus of the latency stage in Freud's theory?

Answer 64

Developing social skills and relationships

Question 65

Fill in the blank: Erikson's stage of 'Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt' occurs during ______.

Answer 65

Early childhood

Question 66

What is the primary conflict of the 'Ego Integrity vs. Despair' stage?

Answer 66

Reflecting on life and feeling a sense of fulfillment or regret

Question 67

True or False: Freud's theory emphasizes the role of unconscious processes in shaping behavior.

Answer 67

True

Question 68

What is one of the main criticisms of Freud's psychosexual theory?

Answer 68

Lack of empirical support and scientific validity.

Question 69

What is the significance of the superego in Freud's personality theory?

Answer 69

It represents internalized moral standards and ideals.

Question 70

What is impression management?

Answer 70

The process by which individuals attempt to control the perceptions others have of them.

Question 71

True or False: Impression management is only relevant in professional settings.

Answer 71

False

Question 72

Fill in the blank: The two main strategies of impression management are __________ and __________.

Answer 72

self-promotion; ingratiation

Question 73

What is self-promotion in the context of impression management?

Answer 73

The act of highlighting one's own achievements and skills to create a favorable impression.

Question 74

Which strategy involves trying to make others like you?

Answer 74

Ingratiation

Question 75

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a tactic of impression management? A) Flattery B) Apology C) Self-deprecation D) Self-promotion

Answer 75

B) Apology

Question 76

What role does nonverbal communication play in impression management?

Answer 76

Nonverbal communication significantly influences how individuals are perceived and can enhance or detract from the intended impression.

Question 77

True or False: Impression management is solely about deception.

Answer 77

False

Question 78

What is the difference between 'front stage' and 'back stage' in Goffman's theory of impression management?

Answer 78

'Front stage' refers to the public persona presented to others, while 'back stage' refers to the private self that is not displayed to the audience.

Question 79

Fill in the blank: The concept of __________ refers to the idea that individuals actively manage the impressions they give to others.

Answer 79

dramaturgical theory

Question 80

What is the primary goal of impression management?

Answer 80

To influence how others perceive oneself.

Question 81

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common context for impression management? A) Job interviews B) Family gatherings C) Social media D) All of the above

Answer 81

D) All of the above

Question 82

What is 'self-monitoring' in relation to impression management?

Answer 82

The ability to observe and control one's behavior in social situations to create desired impressions.

Question 83

True or False: Impression management techniques can vary across cultures.

Answer 83

True

Question 84

What is 'facework' in the context of impression management?

Answer 84

The actions taken to maintain a positive social identity in interactions with others.