Personality

Question 1

What is the main focus of psychoanalytic theory?

Answer 1

The unconscious mind and its influence on behavior.

Question 2

Who is the founder of psychoanalytic theory?

Answer 2

Sigmund Freud.

Question 3

True or False: Humanistic psychology emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization.

Answer 3

True.

Question 4

Fill in the blank: Carl Rogers is associated with the _____ approach in humanistic psychology.

Answer 4

client-centered.

Question 5

What are the three components of Freud’s structural model of personality?

Answer 5

Id, ego, and superego.

Question 6

Which personality theory focuses on observable behaviors and traits?

Answer 6

Behaviorism.

Question 7

What is the primary goal of humanistic psychology?

Answer 7

To promote self-actualization and personal fulfillment.

Question 8

Which theorist developed the hierarchy of needs?

Answer 8

Abraham Maslow.

Question 9

True or False: The trait perspective examines stable characteristics that influence behavior.

Answer 9

True.

Question 10

What is the Big Five model of personality?

Answer 10

A trait theory that includes openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.

Question 11

Fill in the blank: According to Freud, the _____ is responsible for moral standards.

Answer 11

superego.

Question 12

What is the term for a defense mechanism that involves attributing one’s own unacceptable thoughts to others?

Answer 12

Projection.

Question 13

Which psychologist is known for the concept of unconditional positive regard?

Answer 13

Carl Rogers.

Question 14

What does the trait theory suggest about personality?

Answer 14

Personality consists of a set of traits that are consistent over time and across situations.

Question 15

True or False: According to Freud, dreams are a reflection of our unconscious desires.

Answer 15

True.

Question 16

What is the primary method used in psychoanalysis to explore the unconscious?

Answer 16

Free association.

Question 17

Fill in the blank: The _____ is the part of personality that mediates between the desires of the id and the realities of the outside world.

Answer 17

ego.

Question 18

Who proposed the concept of the collective unconscious?

Answer 18

Carl Jung.

Question 19

What does the humanistic perspective emphasize about individuals?

Answer 19

Their inherent drive towards self-actualization and personal growth.

Question 20

What are the two main types of personality assessment methods?

Answer 20

Objective tests and projective tests.

Question 21

True or False: The type theory categorizes individuals into distinct personality types.

Answer 21

True.

Question 22

What is the main criticism of the psychoanalytic approach?

Answer 22

It lacks empirical evidence and is difficult to test scientifically.

Question 23

Fill in the blank: Trait theorists often use _____ to measure personality traits.

Answer 23

questionnaires.

Question 24

What is the focus of the cognitive-behavioral perspective on personality?

Answer 24

The interaction of thoughts, behaviors, and environment.

Question 25

Who is known for the development of the 16 Personality Factor (16PF) questionnaire?

Answer 25

Raymond Cattell.

Question 26

True or False: The humanistic approach is deterministic.

Answer 26

False.

Question 27

What concept does Freud's Oedipus complex relate to?

Answer 27

A child's feelings of desire for the opposite-sex parent and jealousy toward the same-sex parent.

Question 28

Fill in the blank: According to Maslow, self-actualization is the _____ level of needs.

Answer 28

highest.

Question 29

What is a key difference between traits and types in personality psychology?

Answer 29

Traits are continuous dimensions, while types are categorical classifications.

Question 30

Who introduced the concept of locus of control?

Answer 30

Julian Rotter.

Question 31

What is the primary focus of the social-cognitive perspective on personality?

Answer 31

The role of social interaction and cognitive processes in shaping personality.

Question 32

True or False: The id operates on the pleasure principle.

Answer 32

True.

Question 33

Fill in the blank: The _____ is the part of personality that seeks to satisfy basic drives in a realistic way.

Answer 33

ego.

Question 34

What is the main idea behind the concept of self-efficacy?

Answer 34

Belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations.

Question 35

Who developed the concept of the MBTI (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator)?

Answer 35

Isabel Briggs Myers and Katharine Cook Briggs.

Question 36

True or False: Humanistic psychologists believe that humans are inherently good.

Answer 36

True.

Question 37

What are the four major perspectives on personality?

Answer 37

Psychoanalytic, humanistic, trait, and social-cognitive.

Question 38

Fill in the blank: The _____ perspective emphasizes the development of the self-concept.

Answer 38

humanistic.

Question 39

Which trait is associated with being organized and dependable?

Answer 39

Conscientiousness.

Question 40

What is the term for the conscious, rational part of the personality that operates on the reality principle?

Answer 40

Ego.

Question 41

Who is associated with the theory of psychosocial development?

Answer 41

Erik Erikson.

Question 42

True or False: Trait theorists focus on the situational factors that influence behavior.

Answer 42

False.

Question 43

What is the primary method used in humanistic therapy?

Answer 43

Client-centered therapy.

Question 44

Fill in the blank: According to the trait perspective, personality is _____ and relatively stable.

Answer 44

consistent.

Question 45

What does the term 'neuroticism' refer to in the Big Five model?

Answer 45

A tendency toward emotional instability and anxiety.

Question 46

Who proposed the concept of defense mechanisms?

Answer 46

Sigmund Freud.

Question 47

True or False: The humanistic approach is more focused on past experiences than current experiences.

Answer 47

False.

Question 48

Fill in the blank: The trait theory is often assessed using _____ tests.

Answer 48

self-report.

Question 49

What is the primary characteristic of the 'extraversion' trait?

Answer 49

Sociability and enthusiasm.

Question 50

Who is known for the concept of emotional intelligence?

Answer 50

Daniel Goleman.

Question 51

True or False: The social-cognitive perspective emphasizes the role of cognitive processes in behavior.

Answer 51

True.

Question 52

What is the role of reinforcement in behaviorist theories of personality?

Answer 52

It shapes and modifies behavior.