Personality Flashcards

(52 cards)

1
Q

What is the main focus of psychoanalytic theory?

A

The unconscious mind and its influence on behavior.

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2
Q

Who is the founder of psychoanalytic theory?

A

Sigmund Freud.

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3
Q

True or False: Humanistic psychology emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization.

A

True.

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: Carl Rogers is associated with the _____ approach in humanistic psychology.

A

client-centered.

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5
Q

What are the three components of Freud’s structural model of personality?

A

Id, ego, and superego.

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6
Q

Which personality theory focuses on observable behaviors and traits?

A

Behaviorism.

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7
Q

What is the primary goal of humanistic psychology?

A

To promote self-actualization and personal fulfillment.

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8
Q

Which theorist developed the hierarchy of needs?

A

Abraham Maslow.

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9
Q

True or False: The trait perspective examines stable characteristics that influence behavior.

A

True.

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10
Q

What is the Big Five model of personality?

A

A trait theory that includes openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.

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11
Q

Fill in the blank: According to Freud, the _____ is responsible for moral standards.

A

superego.

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12
Q

What is the term for a defense mechanism that involves attributing one’s own unacceptable thoughts to others?

A

Projection.

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13
Q

Which psychologist is known for the concept of unconditional positive regard?

A

Carl Rogers.

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14
Q

What does the trait theory suggest about personality?

A

Personality consists of a set of traits that are consistent over time and across situations.

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15
Q

True or False: According to Freud, dreams are a reflection of our unconscious desires.

A

True.

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16
Q

What is the primary method used in psychoanalysis to explore the unconscious?

A

Free association.

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17
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is the part of personality that mediates between the desires of the id and the realities of the outside world.

A

ego.

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18
Q

Who proposed the concept of the collective unconscious?

A

Carl Jung.

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19
Q

What does the humanistic perspective emphasize about individuals?

A

Their inherent drive towards self-actualization and personal growth.

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20
Q

What are the two main types of personality assessment methods?

A

Objective tests and projective tests.

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21
Q

True or False: The type theory categorizes individuals into distinct personality types.

22
Q

What is the main criticism of the psychoanalytic approach?

A

It lacks empirical evidence and is difficult to test scientifically.

23
Q

Fill in the blank: Trait theorists often use _____ to measure personality traits.

A

questionnaires.

24
Q

What is the focus of the cognitive-behavioral perspective on personality?

A

The interaction of thoughts, behaviors, and environment.

25
Who is known for the development of the 16 Personality Factor (16PF) questionnaire?
Raymond Cattell.
26
True or False: The humanistic approach is deterministic.
False.
27
What concept does Freud's Oedipus complex relate to?
A child's feelings of desire for the opposite-sex parent and jealousy toward the same-sex parent.
28
Fill in the blank: According to Maslow, self-actualization is the _____ level of needs.
highest.
29
What is a key difference between traits and types in personality psychology?
Traits are continuous dimensions, while types are categorical classifications.
30
Who introduced the concept of locus of control?
Julian Rotter.
31
What is the primary focus of the social-cognitive perspective on personality?
The role of social interaction and cognitive processes in shaping personality.
32
True or False: The id operates on the pleasure principle.
True.
33
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the part of personality that seeks to satisfy basic drives in a realistic way.
ego.
34
What is the main idea behind the concept of self-efficacy?
Belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations.
35
Who developed the concept of the MBTI (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator)?
Isabel Briggs Myers and Katharine Cook Briggs.
36
True or False: Humanistic psychologists believe that humans are inherently good.
True.
37
What are the four major perspectives on personality?
Psychoanalytic, humanistic, trait, and social-cognitive.
38
Fill in the blank: The _____ perspective emphasizes the development of the self-concept.
humanistic.
39
Which trait is associated with being organized and dependable?
Conscientiousness.
40
What is the term for the conscious, rational part of the personality that operates on the reality principle?
Ego.
41
Who is associated with the theory of psychosocial development?
Erik Erikson.
42
True or False: Trait theorists focus on the situational factors that influence behavior.
False.
43
What is the primary method used in humanistic therapy?
Client-centered therapy.
44
Fill in the blank: According to the trait perspective, personality is _____ and relatively stable.
consistent.
45
What does the term 'neuroticism' refer to in the Big Five model?
A tendency toward emotional instability and anxiety.
46
Who proposed the concept of defense mechanisms?
Sigmund Freud.
47
True or False: The humanistic approach is more focused on past experiences than current experiences.
False.
48
Fill in the blank: The trait theory is often assessed using _____ tests.
self-report.
49
What is the primary characteristic of the 'extraversion' trait?
Sociability and enthusiasm.
50
Who is known for the concept of emotional intelligence?
Daniel Goleman.
51
True or False: The social-cognitive perspective emphasizes the role of cognitive processes in behavior.
True.
52
What is the role of reinforcement in behaviorist theories of personality?
It shapes and modifies behavior.