IGO'S Flashcards
(28 cards)
How do superpowers gain influence through economic IGO’s?
Free market capitalism and free trade have been promoted by many global IGO’s
What are IGO’s?
They are regional or global organisations whose members are nation states. They uphold treaties and international law, as well as allowing cooperation on issues such as trade, economic policy, human rights, conservation and military operations
When was the WB founded?
They were founded at Bretton Woods in 1944
What is the WB’s role?
Their role is to finance development, and it’s first loan was to France for post-war reconstruction
What does the WB also focus on?
They also focus on addressing the affects of natural disasters, as well as humanitarian emergencies, but it’s main role is to help capitalism function
When did the WB gain a bad reputation?
In the 1970s and 1980s for financing projects that whereeither environmentally damaging or costly that developing countries could not repay loans
What does the WB aim to eliminate?
They aim to eliminate poverty and implement sustainable goals
In 2016, the USA controlled __._% of the World Bank’s votes
16.5%
Over __% of the total votes lie in the hands of _ of the largest contributors
40%, 8 countries
When was the IMF founded?
In 1944 at Bretton Woods
What is the role of the IMF?
to stabilise global currencies after the 1930s depression and the devastation caused by WW2
How many members were in the IMF by 2016?
189
_ individual countries control __% of votes between them
8 countries, 47% of votes
In the 1980s and 1990s, it imposed conditions on many borrowing countries that forced…
Developing countries, often in Africa, to cut spending on health and education in return for stabilising or extending their debt repayments
What is the WTO focused on?
It is focused on freeing up global trade and reduce trade barriers by negotiating free-trade agreements and ensuring members maintain it’s rules
Unlike the IMF and the WB, the WTO operates on a…
one country, one vote system which is fairer to developing countries
What is the WTO currently focused on?
It is focused on programmes of poverty reduction, by removing farm subsidies in developing countries to stimulate efficient production
What has been the result of farm subsidies?
In many developing countries, cheaper imports then undercut local farmers who are forced out of business
What has led to the explosion of global trade since 1950?
The combination of globalisation and WTO agreements
What are the UN’s aims?
Maintaining international peace, promoting human rights, social and economic development, climate protection
Any of the _ permanent members can veto a decision, preveting it from happening
5
Which countries tend to vote as one?
The UK, USA and France
What have the security council been accused of?
They have been accused of passing resolutions, condemning a country’s actions but then failing to act and prevent them
The UN give sanctions to countries that are…
deemed to be a security risk, harbouring terrorism, threatening or invading another state or breaching human rights
