IHL I - Cytokines/Chemokines of Innate Immunity

Question 0

adaptive immunity

Answer 0

highly specific defense

**failure of this system can result in autoimmune disease

Question 1

innate immunity

Answer 1

protective barriers

cytotoxic molecules

phagocytic cells

Question 2

cytokines

Answer 2

peptides

chemical signals responding to environmental signal

involved in immune response

Question 3

general properties of cytokines?

Answer 3

rapid secretion

self-limited secretion

redundant

pleiotrophic

activate and influence eachother

receptor-specific activation

feedback inhibited

Question 4

type I cytokine receptor

Answer 4

hemopoietin receptors (EPO and TPO)

jak-stat

Question 5

type II cytokine receptors

Answer 5

Jak-stat

Question 6

IL-1 family receptors

Answer 6

toll-like / IL-1 receptor

Question 7

TNF receptors

Answer 7

may induce apoptosis

Question 8

Seven transmembrane alpha-helical receptors

Answer 8

GPCRs

Question 9

three categories of cytokines

Answer 9

mediators of innate immunity

mediators of adaptive immunity

mediators of hematopoiesis

Question 10

TNF

Answer 10

tumor necrosis factor

acute inflammatory response to gram-negative bacteria

recruit neutrophils and monocytes

- induces expression of selectin and chemokines
- stimulates mononuclear phagocytes to produce IL-1
- stimulates microbicidal action of neutrophils and macrophages

Question 11

IL-1

Answer 11

secreted by mononuclear IL-1

induced by TNF

Question 12

selectin

Answer 12

exposed on endothelial cells

E and P

L selectins - on leukocytes

Question 13

diapedesis

Answer 13

aka extravasation

movement of leukocytes into the inflamed tissue

Question 14

monocytes

Answer 14

excreted and circulate in blood stream

will mature to macrophages in the tissue

Question 15

negative affect of TNF?

Answer 15

can cause systemic complications
-septic shock

if in large quantities in the blood stream

Question 16

effect of TNF in hypothalamus?

Answer 16

stimulates endogenous pyrogen

induces fever

**stimulates prostaglandin synthesis - inhibited by aspirin

Question 17

affect of TNF on liver?

Answer 17

acute-phase response

increased synthesis of serum proteins C-reactive protein which functions in opsonization

Question 18

C-reaction protein

Answer 18

expressed in the hepatocytes

induced by TNF

result in opsonization

Question 19

endotoxin shock

Answer 19

aka septic shock

TNF inhibits myocardial contractility and vascular smooth tone
-in high quantities

TNF also stimulates tissue factor and inhibits thrombomodulin
-increases coagulation (thrombosis)

results in low blood glucose
-inhibiting production in liver and overusing glucose in muscle

Question 20

TNF pathway

Answer 20

produced by several cells

- mononuclear phagocytes
- antigen-stimulated T cells
- NK cells
- mast cells

Question 21

toll like receptors and TNF?

Answer 21

activated by LPS on gram negative bacteria

activation results in TNF secretion

**IFN-gamma also stimulates the release of TNF

Question 22

TNF receptors

Answer 22

death like receptor

cytosolic domain - death domains
extracellular domain -

Question 23

tumor necrosis factor alpha activity?

Answer 23

through NFkB

results in cytokine release

Question 24

IL-1

Answer 24

mediates local inflammation induces expression of integrin ligands activated by Toll like receptors synthesized by the inflammasome

Question 25

can IL-1 induce septic shock?

Answer 25

nope

Question 26

chemokines

Answer 26

important in migration of leukocytes

Question 27

IL-12

Answer 27

interleukin 12 produced by activated dendritic cells and activated macrophages increases the IFN-gamma synthesis

Question 28

type I interferons

Answer 28

IFN alpha IFN beta response to viral infections increase in antigen presentation on the cell activated by viral nucleic acids - intracellular receptors

Question 29

IFN-alpha

Answer 29

produced by immune cells

Question 30

IFN-beta

Answer 30

produced by systemic cells

Question 31

type I interferon activity

Answer 31

can mess with viral replication machinery

Question 32

IL-10

Answer 32

inhibits the innate immune response for macrophages and and dendritic cells

Question 33

extracellular cytokines

Answer 33

TNF, IL-1, and chemokines promote extravasation responder: neutrophil

Question 34

intracellular bacteria

Answer 34

IL-12 and INF-gamma main responder is macrophages

Question 35

viral innate reaction

Answer 35

type I IFNs and IL-12 inhibit viral replication activate NK cells

Question 36

symptoms of septic shock

Answer 36

``` hyperthermia tachycardia hypotension tachypnea acute hyperventilation mental status change ``` patient history of a new infection

Question 37

basiliximab

Answer 37

prevents IL-2 binding inhibit transplant rejection

Question 38

IFN-gamma

Answer 38

used in TB diagnosis

Question 39

TNF and IL-6

Answer 39

can be used to determine septic shock

Question 40

IL-12

Answer 40

to boost immune response in cancer patient

Question 41

IFN-beta

Answer 41

used to treat multiple sclerosis

Question 42

IFN-alpha

Answer 42

used to treat chronic hepatitis and hematologic cancers