IHL I - Intrinsic and Extrinsic Coagulation Pathways

Question 0

thrombosis

Answer 0

results in a blood clot

Question 1

hemostasis

Answer 1

maintain blood in a fluid state

Question 2

endothelium

Answer 2

vascular

very important in hemostasis

Question 3

what do endothelial cells produce?

Answer 3

NO, PGI2, and ADP

Question 4

nitric oxide

Answer 4

vasodilator and anti-platelet effects

Question 5

prostacyclin

Answer 5

vasodilator in lungs

Question 6

ADP

Answer 6

adenosine diphosphate favor attachment of platelet to ECM

Adp (adenosine diphosphatase) - degrades ADP and inhibits the platelet adhesion

Question 7

Adp

Answer 7

adenosine diphosphate

degrades ADP - and inhibits platelet adhesion

Question 8

anti-coagulants of the endothelial cells?

Answer 8

heparin sulphate, thrombomodulin, proten S, Tissue factor pathway inhibitor

Question 9

heparin sulfate

Answer 9

expressed by endothelial cells

hooks onto AT III (antithrombin III) and activates it

Question 10

ATIII

Answer 10

inactivates thrombin, Xa, and IXa

factor 5 and factor 9**

makes sure coagulation does not occur where it shouldn’t

Question 11

Thrombomodulin

Answer 11

expressed by endothelial cells

binds to thrombin and converts it to anticoagulant
-by activating protein C

Question 12

Protein S

Answer 12

produced by endothelial cells

cofactor for protein C

Question 13

TFPI

Answer 13

tissue factor pathway inhibitor

expressed by endothelial cells
inhibits factor VIIa and Xa

Question 14

tissue type plasminogen activator

Answer 14

t-PA

synthesized by endothelial cells

activates plasminogen to plasmin

Question 15

plasmin

Answer 15

degrades fibrin to FDP (fibrin degradation product)

dissolves thrombi

Question 16

primary hemostasis

Answer 16

localized platelet is formed at site of endothelial injury site

Question 17

secondary hemostasis

Answer 17

initial platelet plug is enlarged and fibrin is added

-coagulation starts

Question 18

antithrombosis

Answer 18

clot formation must cease when it is formed

Question 19

fibrinolysis

Answer 19

last major steop in hemostatis

remove the clot and restore normal blood flow
	fibrinolysis

Question 20

what happens when endothelium is damages?

Answer 20

vasoconstriction and vasospasm

-vessel constriction - less blood flow, less blood loss

Question 21

endothelin

Answer 21

vasoconstrictor released by injured endothelium

Question 22

vWF

Answer 22

synthesized by the endothelial cells when injured

attaches to the exposed ECM of the injured endothelium

allow the platelets to stick to the site of injury

Question 23

where does the vWF stick to?

Answer 23

the ECM that is exposed during injury of the endothelial cells

Question 24

GpIb

Answer 24

glycoprotein on platelets that is receptor for vWF on the ECM of the injured sit

Question 25

what activates the platelet?

Answer 25

binding of the GpIb to vWF causes the release of TX A2, delta granules, and alpha granule

Question 26

what is in delta granules

Answer 26

SAC serotonin - vasoconstrictor ADP platelet activator and aggregator calcium - activates coag factor

Question 27

alpha granules

Answer 27

coagulating factors fibrinogen platelet derived growth factor

Question 28

primary hemostasis involves what?

Answer 28

vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion, aggregation, and secretion

Question 29

fibrinogen

Answer 29

binds platelets to one another via GpIIb/IIIa receptors

Question 30

thrombocytopenia

Answer 30

low levels of platelets

Question 31

filopodia

Answer 31

extensions from platelets that allows for aggregation

Question 32

secondary hemostasis?

Answer 32

fibrin production

Question 33

fibrinogen

Answer 33

soluble form

Question 34

fibrin

Answer 34

insoluble form

Question 35

secondary hemostatic plug

Answer 35

fibrin has been present and it polymerizes causing a "cemented" plug

Question 36

to pathways to initiate coagulation?

Answer 36

intrinsic and extrinsic

Question 37

intrinsic pathway

Answer 37

clotting initiated from something in the blood **calcium

Question 38

extrinsic pathway

Answer 38

clotting initiated by the tissues **tissue factor

Question 39

what is the factor where the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways converge?

Answer 39

X (10)

Question 40

most important coagulation factor?

Answer 40

thrombin

Question 41

thrombin

Answer 41

when activated, converts the soluble plasma protein fibrinogen into fibrin monomers that polymerize

Question 42

what stabilizes the polymer of fibrin?

Answer 42

XIIIa

Question 43

hageman factor

Answer 43

factor XII initiates intrinsic pathway > factor XI > factor IX

Question 44

intrinsic pathway

Answer 44

starts with factor XII > factor XI > factor IX

Question 45

tissue factor

Answer 45

initiates factor 7 (extrinsic pathway)

Question 46

Christmas factor

Answer 46

factor IX

Question 47

antihemophilic factor

Answer 47

factor VIII

Question 48

stuart factor

Answer 48

factor X

Question 49

what converts fibrinogen to fibrin?

Answer 49

thrombin

Question 50

prothrombinase

Answer 50

requires Ca2+ converts prothrombin to thrombin

Question 51

what is factor I?

Answer 51

fibrinogen

Question 52

what allows for the stabilized fibrin polymer?

Answer 52

factor XIII Ca2+

Question 53

roles of thrombin?

Answer 53

converts fibrinogen to fibrin activates leukocytes induces platelet aggregation

Question 54

plasminogen

Answer 54

circulating protein converted by tPA to plasmin

Question 55

plasmin

Answer 55

enzymatic degradation of fibrin t-PA converts circulating plasminogen to plasmin

Question 56

t-PA

Answer 56

secreted by endothelium converts plasminogen to plasmin

Question 57

u-PA

Answer 57

secreted by kidney also convert plasminogen to plasmin

Question 58

two pathological problems of thrombus?

Answer 58

vascular obstruction or embolism

Question 59

embolism

Answer 59

mobile clot

Question 60

what breaks down the fibrin clot?

Answer 60

plasmin

Question 61

what makes the fibrin from fibrinogen?

Answer 61

thrombin