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MSS-IHL Exam 1 > IHL I - Morphology and Function: Lymphoid Organs > Flashcards

IHL I - Morphology and Function: Lymphoid Organs Flashcards

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0
Q

humoral immunity

A

B lymphocytes

produce and secrete antibodies

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1
Q

reticular cells

A

produce reticular fibers (type III)

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2
Q

cellular immunity

A

T lymphocytes

produce T cell receptors

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3
Q

immunoglobulin

A

antibody

highly specific

created by B lymphocytes

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4
Q

lymphocyte source?

A

hematopoietic stem cells

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5
Q

location of B lymphocytes

A

in bone marrow

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6
Q

location of T cells

A

thymus

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7
Q

location of progenitor cells for lymphocytes?

A

bone marrow

maturation occurs in primary lymphoid organs
-bone marrow and thymus

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8
Q

staining and lymphocytes?

A

need special staining

cannot distinguish lymphocytes without staining

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9
Q

immunoblast

A

B cell activated by antigen

goes on to proliferate (immunoblast)
-becomes plasma cells or memory cells

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10
Q

plasma cell

A

produces the antibodies

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11
Q

what do T cells produce?

A

specific T cell receptors

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12
Q

cell turnover of lymphocytes?

A

10’6 - 10’7 cells turned over daily

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13
Q

how many cells for each antigen?

A

20 cells in body for each specific antigen

**these are then activated and produced by the thousands

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14
Q

un-encapsulated lymphoid tissue

A

diffuse and nodular infiltrations

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15
Q

lymph nodule

A

collection of lymphocytes

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16
Q

germinal center

A

present in secondary lymph nodules

**primary has no germinal center

**secondary nodule has the germinal center

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17
Q

diffuse lymphoid infiltrations

A

unencapsulated collection of lymphocytes

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18
Q

peyer’s patch

A

collection of nodules in the intestine

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19
Q

tonsils

A

collections of lymphocytes in orpoharynx

in the tonsillar ring:

- palatine tonsils
- pharyngeal tonsils
- lingual tonsils

**partially capsulated

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20
Q

waldeyer’s ring

A

tonsillar ring

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21
Q

adenoids

A

pharyngeal tonsils

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22
Q

palatine tonsils

A

underlie stratified squamous non-keratinized cells

possess epithelial crypts

- deep chasms going down
- bc lymphocytes have proliferated
- have greater surface area
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23
Q

pharyngeal tonsils

A

adenoids

associated with the nose

less crypted

underlie resporatory epithlium

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24
collagen type III (reticular fibers)
associated with the lymphoid tissue
25
lymphoid tonsils
underlie stratified squamous epithelial no crypts distinguish between palatine tonsils no glands
26
lymph nodes
encapsulated lymphoid tissue
27
hilum
singular entry of blood supply to an organ
28
lymph
excess intercellular fluid can't be absorbed into normal circulation
29
afferent lymphatics
toward the lymph node | -enter at the capsule
30
two divisions of the lymph node
cortex (outer) and medulla (inner)
31
subcapsular sinus
under the capsule of lymph node where the afferent lymph dumps
32
trabecular sinuses
run along the trabeculae of lymph nodes **mostly in cortex
33
medullary cords
lots of B lymphocytes and plasma cells
34
deep cortex
aka paracortex area of cortical tissue that is not nodular in lymph node lots of T lymphocytes
35
location of B lymphocytes in lymph node?
nodules
36
HEVs
high endothelial venules in the deep cortex where cells transit in and out of lymphatic tissues -looser tight junctions
37
spleen function?
1 filters blood 2 generates antibodies (plasma cells) 3 salvage of iron from old RBCs (macrophage) 4 blood reservoir 5 erythropoiesis in fetus (3rd-4th month)
38
fibromuscular capsule
around the spleen allow it to contract and squeeze out RBCs
39
splenic structure
fibro-muscular capsule no afferent** has hilus with splenic artery and vein and efferent lymphatic
40
red pulp
large concentration of RBCs
41
white pulp
large concentration of white blood cells * *does have a nodular structure - with a germinal center
42
PALs
peri-arteriolar lymphoid sheath T cell sheath surrounds central arteries
43
three types of capillaries
continuous fenestrated (little pores) sinusoid - larger capillary
44
splenic circulation?
has open circulation and closed capillaries dump into tissue better filtration
45
pulp cords of billroth
splenic pulp cords
46
thymus
has cortex and medulla **doesn't have nodules medulla is continuous with all other medulla in thymus
47
thymus cells?
prothymocytes - immature T lymphocyte site of T cell maturation
48
thymic epithelial cells
differ from reticular cells no fiber formation**
49
thymic circulation?
blood vessel enters and split at cortico-medullary junction
50
blood-thymus barrier
thymus is site "immune education" -teaching them to not respond to self blood thymus barrier keeps the antigens from reaching maturing T cells
51
formation of blood thymus barrier?
TECs and basal lamina (of endothelial)
52
HEVs in the thymus
so only mature T cells leave the thymus
53
hassals corpuscle
no real formalized function often necrotic and calcified produce TSLP (helps T cells mature - T regulatory cells) only in the medulla
54
thymic involution
as we age, the thymus lymphocytes number decreases space replace by fats this is why the immune system weakens with age thymus - greatest relative size in infancy - greatest absolute size at puberty
55
CD44
prothrombocytes express this to home them to the thymus interact with CCL21 an CCL25 then mature in the thymus
56
DN1
double negative no CD4 or CD8 marker present
57
DN2
gain CD25
58
DN3
lose CD44
59
DN4
lose CD25
60
DP
become double positive when gain CD4 and CD8 **then lose one of these and become either CD4 or CD8 T cells
61
immune education
first branches in the cortex the immature cells that bind to TECs are allowed to survive -positive selection move to the medulla (when are DP cells) - encounter macrophages and dendritic cells - if they bind, will apoptose - negative selection
62
positive selection
in cortex T lymphocytes that recognized the MCH of TECs will survive other cells apoptose
63
negative selection
DP cells go to medulla macrophages and dendritic cells bind to DP cells -causes cells to die
64
HIV (AIDs)
infects and inactivates helper T cells - binds CD4 at surface - renders individual immunocompromised
65
CD25
stays on T regulatory cells -allow for inhibition of immune response

MSS-IHL Exam 1 (13 decks)

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