IHL I - Overview of the Immune System

Question 0

adaptive immunity

Answer 0

antigen-specific lymphocytes to antigen (memory)

Question 1

immune

Answer 1

state of being resistant

previous exposure (adaptive)

inherent trait (innate)

Question 2

innate immunity

Answer 2

mechanisms prior to host exposure to antigen

Question 3

4 main tasks of immune system

Answer 3

1 recognition
2 contain and eliminate (effector task) - clonal expansion
3 immune regulation - after response, need to return homeostasis
4 memory

Question 4

principal components of innate immunity

Answer 4

barriers, defensins, cells, blood proteins, cytokines

Question 5

innate immunity

Answer 5

aka natural, inheret, non-specific immunity

Question 6

adaptive immunity

Answer 6

develop as a response to infection and adapts to the infection

secondary response is more rigorous

Question 7

specific immunity

Answer 7

aka adaptive and acquired immunity

Question 8

humoral immunity

Answer 8

extracellular microbes

B lymphocytes - antibody products

Question 9

cell-mediated immunity

Answer 9

T lymphocytes

helper - activate macrophages to kill phagocytosed microbe

cytotoxic - kill infected cells

Question 10

helper T cells

Answer 10

activate macrophages to kill phagocytosed microbes

Question 11

cytotoxic T cells

Answer 11

kill infected cells

Question 12

cardinal features of adaptive immunity

Answer 12

specificity, diversity, memory, clonal expansion, specialization, contraction and homeostasis, nonreactivity to self

Question 13

specificity

Answer 13

highly specific to antigens

Question 14

B cells

Answer 14

extracellular antigens (soluble)

proteins, polysaccharide, lipid

accessible, hydrophilic, mobile peptides

Question 15

T cells

Answer 15

need antigen displayed (HLA)

mostly proteins, some lipids presented

internal linear peptides produced by processing of antigen

Question 16

diversity

Answer 16

huge diversity of possible antibodies

between V, D, and J gene and segment

Question 17

clonal selection

Answer 17

lymphocyte precursors in the bone marrow
-for both B and T cells

antigen-specific clones are selected by antigens

Question 18

contraction and memory

Answer 18

need immune response to return to homeostasis

-also need to form memory

Question 19

nonreactivity to self

Answer 19

T cells responsive to self are destroyed

Question 20

active immunity

Answer 20

have to have been exposed to antigen previously

Question 21

passive immunity

Answer 21

take antibodies from one individual and administer them to another

ex/ someone with infection who has never been vaccinated (or it is unknown) you can inject tetanus antibodies to protect patient

Question 22

natural immunity

Answer 22

active and passive

ex/ passive - mother antibodies cross placenta to baby

Question 23

artificial

Answer 23

active (ex/ vaccination)

passive (ex/ serotherapy - monoclonal antibodies)

Question 24

primary response

Answer 24

takes about 2 weeks to respond first exposure

Question 25

secondary response

Answer 25

much faster and is much stronger of a reaction

Question 26

IL-3

Answer 26

secreted by T cells stimulates differentation of pluripotent stem cell to lymphoid and myeloid progenitor

Question 27

descendents of lymphoid progenitor

Answer 27

NK cells, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes

Question 28

descendants of myeloid progenitor?

Answer 28

erythrocytes, platelets, basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, and monocytes

Question 29

IL-7

Answer 29

secreted by bone marrow stromal cells and fibroblasts necessary for commitment to the lymphoid lineage survival of T cells

Question 30

neutrophils

Answer 30

ploys, PMN cells within a few hours highly phagocytic

Question 31

macrophages

Answer 31

M (mew) monocytes in blood, mature in tissue later response, but survive longer

Question 32

NK cells

Answer 32

recognized infected, stressed, malignant cells kill them

Question 33

dendritic cells

Answer 33

pick up antigen and process bridge between innate and adaptive immunity

Question 34

B lymphocytes

Answer 34

extracellular antigen recognition

Question 35

helper T lymphocyte

Answer 35

activate macrophage with a phagocytosed microbe

Question 36

cytotoxic T cells

Answer 36

kill infected cells

Question 37

regulatory T lymphocyte

Answer 37

suppression of immune response

Question 38

natural killer cell

Answer 38

kill infected cell indiscriminately

Question 39

location of B lymphocytes

Answer 39

bone marrow

Question 40

location of T lymphocytes

Answer 40

thymus

Question 41

innocuous antigen

Answer 41

allergy not pathogen, but body elicits immune response

Question 42

hypersensitivity

Answer 42

immune response to an innocuous antigen

Question 43

autoimmunity

Answer 43

body reacts to self

Question 44

complement

Answer 44

part of innate immunity

Question 45

cells of innate immunity

Answer 45

phagocytes and natural killer cells phagocytes = neutrophils and macrophages

Question 46

immunological tolerance

Answer 46

non-reactivity to self