IL15: Anticancer for Hematologic Drug

Question 1

cell cycle no specific agent include what type of drug

Answer 1

Alkylating agents, Platinum agents, Anthrcyclines

Question 2

Alkylating agents drug name

Answer 2

cyclophosphamide and busulfan

Question 3

mechanism of Alkalating agents

Answer 3

add alkyl to DNA -> DNA crosslink -> DNA damage

Question 4

unique advantage of cyclophosphamide

Answer 4

oral form available

Question 5

indications for cyclophosphamide

Answer 5

leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma

Question 6

unique adverse effects of cyclophosphamide and what is the cause

Answer 6

hemorrhagic cystitis, acrolein

Question 7

what can do to prevent hemorrhagic cystisis from using cyclophosphamide

Answer 7

co administer w mesna -> conjugate tat and prevent local bladder toxicity

Question 8

Busulfan indication

Answer 8

leukemia (CML), lymphoma, effective BCR-ABLpositive

Question 9

Busulfan now replaced by

Answer 9

imatinib

Question 10

Busulfan adverse effect

Answer 10

seizure and pulmonary fibrosis

Question 11

Platinum analog drug name

Answer 11

cisplatin and carboplatin

Question 12

mechanism of platinum analog

Answer 12

bind to DNA -> cross link between adjacent guanines

Question 13

cisplatin or carboplatin

Answer 13

cisplatin is more effective

Question 14

ADRs of cisplatin and how to solve

Answer 14

sever N/V แก้ odansetron111, NK receptor 1antagon1i1st
nephrotoxicity -> normal saline แก้
ototoxicity

Question 15

carboplatin

Answer 15

less side effect than cisplatin

Question 16

dose limiting of toxicity of carboplatin and cisplatin

Answer 16

myelosupression

Question 17

Cisplatin indicates for

Answer 17

Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, myeloma

Question 18

Carboplatin indication

Answer 18

Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Question 19

Anthracyclines drug name

Answer 19

Doxorubicin, Daunorubin, Idarubicin

Question 20

mechanism of Anthracyclines

Answer 20

Topoisomerase II essential for DNA replication -> insert topoisomerase between DNA strand interfere transcription and translation -> cellular damage and alteration of membrane fluidity and ion transport

Question 21

unique adverse effect Anthracyclines and prevention

Answer 21

cardiac toxicity, EKG and Echocardiogram prevent by Dexrazone

Question 22

unique adverse effect of doxorubicin

Answer 22

reddish urine from drug

Question 23

dose limiting toxicity from doxorubicin

Answer 23

myelosuppression

Question 24

Doxorubicin indication

Answer 24

Hodgkin and non hodgkin

Question 25

Daunorubicin

Answer 25

ALL, AML

Question 26

Idrarubicin

Answer 26

ALL, AML, CLL

Question 27

Antimetabolites do

Answer 27

interfere DNA synthesis, kill cell during S phase

Question 28

classification of antimetabolite

Answer 28

antifolates, pyrimidine and purine analog

Question 29

common side effect of antimetabolites

Answer 29

myelosupression, anemia, mucositis

Question 30

mechanism of antifolates

Answer 30

inhibit the synthesis of tetrahydrofolate (co factor for DNA synthesis)

Question 31

mechanism of purine and pyrimidine

Answer 31

incorporate into DNA -> cause chain termination -> strand break

Question 32

key drug of antifolate

Answer 32

Methotrexate

Question 33

mechanism of methotrexate

Answer 33

folic acid analogue -> inhibit DHFR -> block conversion of Dihydrofolate to tetra hydrofolate

Question 34

methotrexate indication

Answer 34

anticancer, immunosuppressant

Question 35

methotrexate ADRs and treatment

Answer 35

myeolosupression, treat with leucovorin and folic acid treat with leucovarin or folic acid

Question 36

fluropyrimidines analog 1. 5-Flurouracil 2. gemcitabine 3. 6-Mercaptopurine (ค), 6-thioguanine

Answer 36

5-Flurouracil

Question 37

cytosine analog 1. 5-Flurouracil 2. gemcitabine 3. 6-Mercaptopurine (ค), 6-thioguanine

Answer 37

gemcitabine

Question 38

purine analog 1. 5-Flurouracil 2. gemcitabine 3. 6-Mercaptopurine (ค), 6-thioguanine

Answer 38

3. 6-Mercaptopurine (ค), 6-thioguanine

Question 39

hydroxyurea what cell cycle phase

Answer 39

S phase

Question 40

G1 phase Drug and common side effect

Answer 40

L-asparaginase (Crisantapase), hypersensitivity

Question 40

Etoposide side effect

Answer 40

alopecia

Question 41

Bleomycin what phase

Answer 41

G2

Question 42

advantage of bleomycin

Answer 42

minimal myelosupression

Question 43

ADRs of bleomycin

Answer 43

lung fibrosis

Question 44

adverse effect of what drug have no treatment and prevention

Answer 44

bleomycin

Question 45

vinca alkaloid mechanism

Answer 45

inhibit tubular polymerization, inhibit mitotic spindle formation -> mitotic arrest at metaphase

Question 46

M phase drug categories

Answer 46

vinca alkaloids, Texans

Question 47

vinblastine or vincistine has more myelosuppression

Answer 47

vinblastine

Question 48

vincristine side effects

Answer 48

limited myelosuppression, neurotoxicity, alopecia (reversible)

Question 49

M phase Texanes key drug

Answer 49

paclitaxel

Question 50

mechanism of paclitaxel

Answer 50

promote polymerization = inhibit tubular depolymerization => interfere disassembly of microtubule => mitotic arrest at metaphase/anaphase

Question 51

ADRs of taxanes and treatment

Answer 51

neutropenia (treat w granulocyte-colony stimulating factor peripheral sensory neuropathy

Question 52

unique ADRs of paclitaxel

Answer 52

hypersensitivity reaction

Question 53

what therapy has no myelosuppression

Answer 53

targeted therapy

Question 54

BCR-ABBL kinase inhibitor drug name

Answer 54

imatinib

Question 55

What mutation causes Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL)?

Answer 55

PML-RARa mutation ## Footnote This mutation reduces myeloid differentiation.

Question 56

What is the role of Tretinoin (all-trans retinoic acid, ATRA) in treating APL?

Answer 56

Binds to RARa → promotes cell differentiation ## Footnote APL cells have inadequate levels of retinoids.

Question 57

What is the indication for Arsenic Trioxide (ATO)?

Answer 57

APL (relapse) ## Footnote ATO is used specifically for relapsed cases of APL.

Question 58

How does Arsenic Trioxide (ATO) exert its effects?

Answer 58

Generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inactivates glutathione ## Footnote APL cells already have high ROS, so ATO exacerbates ROS damage.

Question 59

What is expressed on mature B cells but not on plasma cells?

Answer 59

CD20 ## Footnote CD20 is a key target in B-cell lymphoma treatments.

Question 60

What is CD52 and where is it expressed?

Answer 60

Expressed on both lymphocytes (T & B cells), monocytes, macrophages, and natural killer cells ## Footnote CD52 is another target in immunotherapy.

Question 61

What is the mechanism of action for anti-CD20 antibodies?

Answer 61

Binds to CD20 → induces cell lysis/apoptosis ## Footnote This mechanism is crucial for the treatment of B-cell malignancies.

Question 62

What are the indications for anti-CD20 antibodies?

Answer 62

* B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma * Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) ## Footnote These antibodies are used in various B-cell malignancies.

Question 63

What is a notable adverse effect of anti-CD20 antibody therapy?

Answer 63

Late-onset neutropenia ## Footnote This condition can be treated with G-CSF.

Question 64

What is tumor lysis syndrome?

Answer 64

A condition that occurs when cancer cells rapidly break down, leading to metabolic abnormalities.

Question 65

What are purines?

Answer 65

DNA components that can lead to the production of hypoxanthine and xanthine.

Question 66

What is hypoxanthine?

Answer 66

A purine derivative produced during the breakdown of DNA.

Question 67

What is xanthine oxidase?

Answer 67

An enzyme that converts hypoxanthine to xanthine and then to uric acid.

Question 68

What is allantoin?

Answer 68

A more soluble metabolite derived from purine metabolism.

Question 69

What is urate oxidase (rasburicase)?

Answer 69

An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of uric acid to allantoin.

Question 70

What are novel cytotoxic and cytostatic drugs?

Answer 70

Drugs designed to inhibit cancer cell growth and induce cell death.

Question 71

What are histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors?

Answer 71

Drugs that increase histone acetylation, enhancing gene transcription and inducing apoptosis.

Question 72

What is vorinostat?

Answer 72

An HDAC inhibitor indicated for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.

Question 73

What are proteasome inhibitors?

Answer 73

Drugs that inhibit the proteasome, leading to apoptosis in cancer cells.

Question 74

What is bortezomib?

Answer 74

A proteasome inhibitor indicated for multiple myeloma.

Question 75

What is targeted cancer therapy?

Answer 75

A treatment approach that targets specific molecules involved in cancer growth and metastasis.

Question 76

What are types of targeted cancer therapy?

Answer 76

Includes hormone therapies, anti-hormone therapies, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

Question 77

What do tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) do?

Answer 77

Inhibit non-receptor tyrosine kinases and growth factor receptors.

Question 78

What are differentiating agents?

Answer 78

Agents that induce differentiation in cancer cells.

Question 79

What are cytotoxic antibodies?

Answer 79

Antibodies designed to target and kill cancer cells.