IL15: Drug

Question 1

What is Ferrous sulfate used for?

Answer 1

Microcytic Anemia (Iron)

Ferrous sulfate is a common oral iron supplement used to treat iron deficiency anemia.

Question 2

What is the mechanism of action for Iron sucrose?

Answer 2

Injection to treat iron deficiency in impaired absorption (e.g. Crohn’s, celiac) or unable to take oral

Iron sucrose is often administered in cases where oral iron supplementation is ineffective or not tolerated.

Question 3

What type of anemia does Deferoxamine treat?

Answer 3

Iron overload in thalassemia

Deferoxamine is a chelating agent used to remove excess iron from the body.

Question 4

What is the use of Cyanocobalamin?

Answer 4

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Cyanocobalamin is an injectable form of vitamin B12 used to treat deficiencies.

Question 5

What is the role of Folic acid in treatment?

Answer 5

Folate deficiency (pregnancy)

Folic acid is crucial for preventing neural tube defects during pregnancy.

Question 6

What is the formulation of Leucovorin?

Answer 6

Injection

Leucovorin is used to treat folate deficiency and to enhance the efficacy of certain chemotherapy agents.

Question 7

What are common adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of Ferrous sulfate?

Answer 7

Nausea, constipation

Ferrous sulfate absorption can be enhanced with Vitamin C, but it may also have gastrointestinal side effects.

Question 8

True or False: Deferiprone is used to treat iron deficiency anemia.

Answer 8

False

Deferiprone is specifically used for treating iron overload.

Question 9

What is the mechanism of action for Iron Chelators?

Answer 9

Treat iron overload

Iron chelators help to bind excess iron in the body, facilitating its excretion.

Question 10

Fill in the blank: _______ is used to treat folate deficiency.

Answer 10

Leucovorin

Leucovorin is an important treatment for patients with folate deficiency.

Question 11

What is Epoetin alfa used for?

Answer 11

RBC growth factor for anemia (CRF, myelosuppression)

Epoetin alfa is a form of erythropoietin used to stimulate red blood cell production.

Question 12

What are the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with Epoetin alfa?

Answer 12

Thromboembolism, stroke; use with iron supplement

Epoetin alfa can increase the risk of thromboembolic events, hence iron supplementation is often recommended.

Question 13

What is the role of Filgrastim?

Answer 13

Neutrophil growth factor

Filgrastim is used to stimulate the production of neutrophils in patients with neutropenia.

Question 14

List the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of Filgrastim.

Answer 14

• Arthralgia
• Joint pain
• Myalgia

Filgrastim may cause significant musculoskeletal pain.

Question 15

What is the mechanism of action of Aspirin?

Answer 15

Irreversible COX-1 inhibitor

Aspirin inhibits cyclooxygenase-1, leading to reduced thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and decreased platelet aggregation.

Question 16

How long does the effect of Aspirin last?

Answer 16

7-10 days

The antiplatelet effects of Aspirin persist for the lifespan of the platelets, approximately 7-10 days.

Question 17

What are the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with Aspirin?

Answer 17

• GI bleeding
• Hypersensitivity

Aspirin can cause gastrointestinal bleeding and allergic reactions in some patients.

Question 18

What is Clopidogrel’s mechanism of action?

Answer 18

Inhibits P2Y12 receptor → inhibits platelet activation

Clopidogrel’s action is dependent on metabolic activation via the CYP2C19 enzyme.

Question 19

What is the interaction of Clopidogrel with omeprazole?

Answer 19

Omeprazole reduces efficacy

Omeprazole can inhibit the metabolism of Clopidogrel, leading to decreased antiplatelet effect.

Question 20

What does Heparin (UFH) inactivate?

Answer 20

Xa & thrombin via pentasaccharide

Unfractionated heparin acts by binding to antithrombin III, which inactivates factor Xa and thrombin.

Question 21

List the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with Heparin (UFH).

Answer 21

• Bleeding
• Allergy
• HIT/osteoporosis

Heparin can cause serious bleeding, allergic reactions, and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT).

Question 22

What is the antidote for Heparin (UFH)?

Answer 22

Protamine sulfate

Protamine sulfate can reverse the anticoagulant effects of heparin.

Question 23

How does LMWH compare to UFH?

Answer 23

Better than UFH but cannot monitor with aPTT

Low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) are more predictable in their anticoagulant response compared to unfractionated heparin.

Question 24

What is the mechanism of action of Fondaparinux?

Answer 24

Inhibiting factor Xa only

Fondaparinux is a synthetic pentasaccharide that inhibits factor Xa, which is crucial for the coagulation cascade.

Question 25

What type of drug is Warfarin?

Answer 25

Vitamin K antagonist ## Footnote Warfarin inhibits the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors, leading to anticoagulation.

Question 26

What is a key consideration when using Warfarin?

Answer 26

Careful monitoring of PT/INR ## Footnote PT/INR monitoring is essential to ensure therapeutic levels and avoid bleeding complications.

Question 27

What is the antidote for Warfarin?

Answer 27

Vitamin K ## Footnote Vitamin K can reverse the effects of Warfarin by promoting the synthesis of clotting factors.

Question 28

What is the route of administration for Fibrinolytics such as tPA (Alteplase)?

Answer 28

Injection ## Footnote Fibrinolytics are usually administered via intravenous injection in emergency settings.

Question 29

What is the primary use of Streptokinase?

Answer 29

ST-elevation MI treatment ## Footnote Streptokinase is used to dissolve blood clots in patients experiencing ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

Question 30

What is the mechanism of action of Fibrinolytics?

Answer 30

Activates plasminogen → fibrin clot dissolution ## Footnote Fibrinolytics convert plasminogen to plasmin, leading to the breakdown of fibrin clots.

Question 31

What are the potential adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of Tranexamic acid?

Answer 31

Thrombosis ## Footnote Tranexamic acid can increase the risk of thrombosis due to its mechanism of inhibiting fibrinolysis.

Question 32

What type of agents are Rivaroxaban and Edoxaban?

Answer 32

Factor Xa inhibitors ## Footnote These are oral anticoagulants that directly inhibit factor Xa, preventing thrombin generation.

Question 33

Fill in the blank: _______ is a myeloid neoplasm.

Answer 33

[specific myeloid neoplasm] ## Footnote Examples include acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS).

Question 34

What is an additional use of Tranexamic acid outside of hemostasis?

Answer 34

Skin whitening agent ## Footnote Tranexamic acid is sometimes used in dermatology for conditions like melasma.