Imms Qs

Question 1

What enzyme catalyses the formation of fructose-6-phophate?

Answer 1

Phosphohexose isomerase /phosphoglucoisomerase5

Question 2

When is ATP made and hydrolysed in glycolysis?

and Kreb’s?

Answer 2

Glycolysis

• used in 1 and 3
• made in step 7 (1,3-bisphoso -a-glycerate to 3 phosphoglycerate)
• and last step (pyruvate formation)

(step 6 is NADH formation)

Krebs
2, 3 = 2NADH
4 = ATP
5= FADH
7/Last step = NADH

Net production per glucose
= 6 NADP, 2FADH, 2ATP

Question 3

Where does each part of ceullar resp occur?

Answer 3

Glycolysis = cytoplasm
Krebs = matrix
Oxidative phosphorylation = intermembrane space

Question 4

What enzyme is used in oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 4

ATP Synthase on inner membrane

Question 5

What is the link reaction? What enzyme is used?

Answer 5

pyruvate (from glycolysis) + CoA + NAD = acteyl coA + NADH + Co2

enzyme = Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

Question 6

Net products of Krebs?

Net products of glycolysis?

Answer 6

Krebs = 6NADH, 2FADH H+, 2ATP, 4Co2

Glycolysis = 2ATP, 2NADH

Question 7

1. How is the inner membrane of the mitochondria adapted to it function?

Answer 7

Cristae- highly folded to increase it’s surface area (for oxidative phosphorylation to happen at the same time), enzymes, pumps

Question 8

What are the purine and pyridimine base pairings? How many and what type of bond between each?

Answer 8

2 H bones - Adenine = Thymine/U

3 H bonds - Cytosine = Guanine

Question 9

How is DNA structure well adapted to its function?

Answer 9

Tightly coiled around histones to make nucleosomes, supercoiled into chromosome-a compact molecule to store lots of information, large stable., phosphate sugar backbone

Question 10

Define a single base nucleotide polymorphism?

Answer 10

Difference in a single nucleotide- substitution of one base for another occurring in 1 % of the population. (Silent mutation) Can occur in an intron.

Question 11

In sickle cell anaemia, mis-sense mutation occurs. What changes occur in the protein structure?

Answer 11

Change in the codon base structure, this codes for a different mRNA, different tRNA with different amino acid coded for (valine instead of glutamic acids).
Hb S replaces beta globulin beta globulin sub units. Quaternary structure altered- rbc distorted into a sickle cell shape.