Immune System Flashcards
(21 cards)
Bone Marrow
B cells are matured
Thymus
Differentiation of T cells
Lymph nodes
Armpits, groin, neck, knees
Create lymph for immune response
Spleen
Filters blood
Removes dead or malformed cells
MALT
Protects against microorganisms by mucus
Ex: small intestines, respiratory, digestive tracts
Plasma
Lymph: fluid passes inside lymphatic vessels
Cellular elements
Proteins & types of leukocytes that lumps carry
3 lines of defence
1) Innate nonspecific physical barriers: skin, mucus
2) Innate nonspecific cells:
- Phagocytes (macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells)
- Inflammation
- Fever
Innate immunity
Fast response
General
Comes from evolution over time
First 2 lines of defence
Uses Soluble microbial protein
Ex: Mechanical: physical barriers (skin) Chemical: mucus, enzymes, low ph stomach Fever: increase in temp of body Phagocytosis: interesting and eliminating investing microorganisms
Adaptive immunity
Slow response
Very specific
Genetic rearrangements
Antigens & antibodies
Uses lymphocytes & memory cells
Lymphocytes
Neutrophils
Natural killer cells
Macrophages
Neutrophils
Clearance of bacteria & fungi
Response to infection
Immune system homeostasis
Most abundant leukocytes (70% white b c)
Natural killer cells
Spontaneous cytolytic activity (disintegration of cells) when under stress
Ex: tumour cells
Dead cell eliminated
Secretes cytokines (regulates growth & activity of other immune cells)
Macrophages
Specialized cells
Detection, phagocytosis, and destruction of bacteria & harmful organism
Maintain homeostasis Innate immunity Metabolic function Rid of cellular debris Tissue repair & remodelling
Adaptive immunity response cells
B cells
T cells
B cells
Produce plasma cells, secrete antibody (immunoglobulins)
Recognize part of antigen, activated by co-receptors?
T cells
Regulate other cells
Directly attacks infected cells
Contain specific receptor (TCR), that recognizes small peptide chains
Diseases
Type 1 Diabetes
HIV-AIDS
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Type 1 Diabetes
Causes:
Immune system destroys insulin-producing cells (beta) in pancreas
Symptoms: Increases thirst Intense hunger Fatigue Weakness Irritability Blurred vision
HIV - AIDS
Causes:
HIV destroys white blood cells (immunity)
HIV untreated can lead to AIDS
Symptoms: Flu-like symptoms Fever Weakness Muscle pain Swollen glands Rashes Getting sick more often/easily
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Causes:
Overactivity of immune system
Attacks own joint tissues (instead of specific intruders)
Symptoms: Tender, swollen joints Pain and stiffness in joints Fatigue Loss of appetite Can expand to skin, eyes, heart
