Skeletal System Flashcards
(14 cards)
Functions of skeletal system
Support: skeletal framework
Movement: muscle attachement
Protection: protective boundaries for soft organs
Hemopoiesis (blood- cell formation):
Blood cells from red bone marrow
Triglyceride storage: yellow bone marrow
Hydrostatic skeleton
Incompressibility of water in body as skeleton, soft body, invertebrates
(Earthworms & Jellyfish)
Exoskeleton
Rigid, hard case that surrounds body
Arthropods: insects
Endoskeleton
Rigid internal skeleton, vertebrates (humans) & echinoderms (sea urchins)
Axial skeleton
Central axis to skeleton (skull, vertebral column, ribcage)
Support & protection of internal organs
Appendicular skeleton
Appendages: connected to axial skeleton
Forelimbs, hind limbs (arms, legs, hands, feet, shoulders, hips)
Body movement
Ball-and- socket joints
Movement in all directions (hip joint)
Hinge joint
Movement in only one plane (side to side, forward and backward)
Elbow
Gliding joints
Sliding of one bone onto another (side to side sliding)
Posterior and anterior face of vertebral joints
Combination joints
2 diff types of joints combined, like jaw
Lower jaw: side to side & forward and backward (hinge joint)
Upper jaw: gliding
Diseases
Osteoporosis
Rickets
Fibrous Dysplasia
Osteoporosis
Symptoms:
- Loss of bone mineral density
- Thinning of bone
- Curving of spine, posture, loss of height
- Fractures from minor stressors
Causes:
- Change in hormone levels
- Calcium & vitamin D deficiency
- Anorexia
- Meds
- Poor lifestyle
Rickets
Symptoms:
- Softening, curving of bone
- Bowlegs, knock-knees
- Delays in development
- Restlessness, sweating
Causes:
- Vitamin D deficiency
- Calcium phosphate not properly deposited in bones
Fibrous dysplasia
Symptoms:
- Fibrous tissue replaces solid calcified bone
- Enlargement of bones on one side
- Café au lait spots
Causes:
- Unknown
- Theory: Genetic mutation (overproduction of fibrous dysplasia)
