Respiratory System

Question 1

Nasal Cavity

Answer 1

Filter, warm air

Question 2

Pharynx (throat)

Answer 2

Passage for air

Question 3

Larynx

Answer 3

Selective opening to trachea &

Production of voice (vocal cords)

Question 4

Glottis & Epiglottis

Answer 4

Controls passage of air b/w pharynx & trachea

Question 5

Trachea

Answer 5

Carry air into lungs

Question 6

Bronchi

Answer 6

Bring air into each lung

Question 7

Bronchioles

Answer 7

Carry air to alveoli

Question 8

Alveoli

Answer 8

Large surface area for rapid gas exchange (b/w air in lungs and blood across walls of alveoli)

Question 9

Capillary network

Answer 9

Gas exchange that communicates with blood

Question 10

Lungs

Answer 10

Inhalation: delivers oxygen to body
Exhalation: removes waste gases

Question 11

Diaphragm

Answer 11

Allows breathing

Inhalation: diaphragm contacts, lungs expand

Question 12

Gas exchange

Answer 12

External respiration:
-Oxygen is diffused from alveoli into blood (erythrocytes)
-CO2 is diffused from blood into alveoli
(Simple diffusion in opposite directions)

Question 13

Control of breathing in Nervous System

Answer 13

Medulla oblongata & pons:
Control skeletal muscles for breathing

Signals (contract & relax) to diaphragm & external intercostal muscles (b/w ribs)

Inhalation: D contracts, L expand, air pressure decreases (air into lungs)

Exhalation: D relaxes, L initial size, pressure increases (air moves out)

Question 14

Positive pressure breathing

Answer 14

Frogs (higher pressure than atmospheric)

• Air into mouth
• Make mouth cavity small
• pressure increases, air moves into lungs

Question 15

Negative pressure breathing

Answer 15

Mammals (lower pressure than atmospheric)

-Diaphragm contracts, lungs expand, pressure decreases, air enters

Question 16

Tidal volume

Answer 16

Amount of air that moves in & out of lungs at rest (normal amount of air in & out)

Anatomical dead space: Part of tidal volume that never participates in gas exchange

Question 17

Vital Capacity

Answer 17

Maximum amount of air in & out of lungs

IRV : inspiratory reserve volume
ERV: expiratory

Question 18

Residual Volume

Answer 18

Amount of air that always remains on lungs to prevent lung collapse

Question 19

Diseases

Answer 19

Flu
Asthma
Lung Cancer

Question 20

Flu

Answer 20

Causes:
Contact with person with disease or object with flu virus

Symptoms: 
Fever
Cough
Runny nose
Headaches
Fatigue

Question 21

Asthma

Answer 21

Causes:

• Allergies
• Smoking
• Family history
• Respiratory infection

Symptoms:

• Shortness of breath
• Wheezing
• Coughing
• Chest pain
• Trouble sleeping

Question 22

Lung Cancer

Answer 22

Causes:

• Smoking
• Family history
• Radiation therapy
• Carcinogens

Symptoms:

• Coughing up blood
• Losing weight w/o trying
• New cough (doesn’t go away)
• Bone pain
• Shortness of breath
• Chest pain