Immune System

Question 1

What are the primary organs of the immune system?

Answer 1

Bone marrow
Thymus

Question 2

What are the secondary organs of the immune system?

Answer 2

Spleen
Lymph nodes
GALT (gut associated lymphatic tissue)

Question 3

The immune system requires energy, ____, _____, healthy micro biome, ____, and non nutrients to function properly

Answer 3

Macronutrients
Selected micronutrients
Probiotics/ prebiotics

Question 4

Where do all immune cells arise and mature?

Answer 4

Bone marrow

Question 5

Where do B cells mature?

Answer 5

Bone marrow

Question 6

Where do T cells mature?

Answer 6

Thymus

Question 7

What are the two parts of the immune system?

Answer 7

Innate (natural)
Adaptive (acquired)

Question 8

Helps enhance the ability of antibodies and phagocyte cells to clear microbes and damaged cells from an organism, promotes inflammation, and attacks the pathogens cell membrane

Answer 8

Complement proteins

Question 9

What type of protein in the blood is mostly synthesized by the liver? What’s an example?

Answer 9

Complement protein
Cytokines

Question 10

What type of protein is synthesized by monocytes, macrophages, and many other cells types

Answer 10

Cytokines

Question 11

What are the types of cytokines and their abbreviation?

Answer 11

Interleukins (IL)
Interferons (IFN)
Tumor necrosis factor (TNFa)

Question 12

What are the pro inflammatory cytokines?

Answer 12

Some interleukins (IL-1, IL-1b, IL-2, IL-6)
Interferon
Tumor necrosis factor

Question 13

What are the anti-inflammatory cytokines?

Answer 13

IL-4
IL-10
IL-13

Question 14

What is the function of the complement protein phagocytosis?

Answer 14

Coat intruders
Attack phagocytes

Question 15

What is the function of complement proteins membrane attack?

Answer 15

Rupturing cell wall of bacteria

Question 16

What is the function of complement proteins inflammation?

Answer 16

Attracting macrophages and neutrophil

Question 17

What is the defense reaction of the body against injury that involves redness/ heat, swelling, pain, and impaired body function?

Answer 17

Inflammation

Question 18

What type of protein is found in the blood and released in response to inflammation?

Answer 18

CRP or C-reactive protein

Question 19

where is CRP synthesized?

Answer 19

In liver in response to factors released by macrophages and fat cells

Question 20

Examples of chronic states include type 1 and 2 diabetes, allergies, ____, _____,_____, central adiposity and others

Answer 20

Arthritis
Metabolic syndrome
Crohn’s disease

Question 21

T or F
Possible complications of inflammation are CVD, NAFLD, cancer, and dementia

Answer 21

True

Question 22

B-lymphocytes are characterized by their ability to produce ____ and they mainly deal with extracellular _____

Answer 22

Antibodies
Pathogens

Question 23

What are the 5 major classes of B-cells?

Answer 23

IgG
IgA
IgM
IgE
IgD

Question 24

T or F
T cells neutralize toxins/ microorganisms and activate complement proteins

Answer 24

False, B cells do that

Question 25

Do T or B cells form a communication between the innate and acquired immune systems?

Answer 25

B cells

Question 26

T or F T-cells can recognize any type of antigens

Answer 26

False, can only recognize antigens presented to them

Question 27

What type of cell presents antigens to T-cells?

Answer 27

Antigen presenting cell

Question 28

Genetics, ___, exercise, ____,_____,_____, age, smoking, ____, ____, and nutritional status are all factors affecting the immune system

Answer 28

Sex Central adipose Chronic disease Breastfeeding Alcohol Gut microbiota

Question 29

Which of the following are part of the adaptive immune system? A. Immunoglobulins B. Monocytes C. Granulocytes D. All correct E. None correct

Answer 29

A

Question 30

T or F Central adiposity causes chronic low grade inflammation

Answer 30

True

Question 31

T or F Reduced appetite during illness can come from a lack of Zn and Cu

Answer 31

False

Question 32

Which of the following are part of the innate immune system? A. Hydrochloric acid B. Skin C. Phagocytes D. All correct E. None correct

Answer 32

D

Question 33

T or F The three principle types of T-lymphocytes are cytotoxic T-cells, helper T-cells, and regulator T-cells

Answer 33

True

Question 34

What produces antibodies?

Answer 34

Plasma B cells

Question 35

T or F More protein is needed during infection partly due to the increase in production of antibodies and other immune cells

Answer 35

True

Question 36

T or F Humoral immunity represents B and T cells

Answer 36

False

Question 37

T or F Fiber plays no function in the immune system

Answer 37

False

Question 38

T or F The immune system fights parasites, bacteria, and fungi

Answer 38

True

Question 39

T or F Inflammation only has negative effects on the body

Answer 39

False