Vitamin C

Question 1

What is the reduced and oxidized form of vitamin C?

Answer 1

Reduced= ascorbic acid (AA)
Oxidized= Dehydroascrobic acid (DA)

Question 2

T or F
Vitamin C deficiency has no effect on fertility

Answer 2

False, deficiency can increase risk of infertility

Question 3

Can vitamin C be easily destroyed?

Answer 3

Yes by oxygen and high temperature

Question 4

Most plant and animal species are able to synthesis vitamin C from glucose and galactose because they have what type of pathway?

Answer 4

Uronic acid pathway
(Primates don’t have enzyme gulonlactone oxidase to do it)

Question 5

What is the RDA for men and women ages 19-70?

Answer 5

Women= 75 mg/d
Men=90 mg/d

Question 6

What is the RDA for men and women 19+ who are smokers? Why is that important?

Answer 6

Women= 110 mg/d
Men=125 mg/d
Smoking is biggest producer of free radicals

Question 7

What is the RDA for pregnant women 18 or younger? How about 19 or older?

Answer 7

80 mg/ d
85 mg/d

Question 8

What is the RDA for women lactating 18 or younger? What about 19 or older?

Answer 8

115 mg/d
120 mg/d

Question 9

T or F
The UL for adults 19 or older is 3000 mg/ d

Answer 9

False, it’s 2000 mg/d

Question 10

What are sources of vitamin C?

Answer 10

Asparagus
Papaya
Citrus fruit
Tomatoes
Cantaloupe
Cauliflower
Broccoli
Green/ red bell peppers
Kiwi
Kale/ spinach
Strawberries

Question 11

The food that gives 341 mg of vitamin C per serving is _____

Answer 11

Sweet red pepper

Question 12

What is the highest source of vitamin C? How many mg does it have?

Answer 12

Acerola cherry has 1700 mg vitamin C per 100 g of fruit

Question 13

What pathway can reduced vitamin C pass through?

Answer 13

SVCT 1 or SVCT 2

Question 14

What pathway can oxidized vitamin C pass through?

Answer 14

GLUT 1 or GLUT 3

Question 15

Does the reduced or oxidized form of vitamin C get reabsorbed through the kidneys? Through which transporter?

Answer 15

Reduced AA
through SVCT 1

Question 16

T or F
The less vitamin C you have, the more it gets absorbed

Answer 16

True

Question 17

How bioavaible is vitamin C?

Answer 17

80-90% absorbed when less than 100 mg
Decreased 50% when more than 1000 mg

Question 18

Where is most extra vitamin C excreted?

Answer 18

In urine

Question 19

Pain killers, _____, fever,____,stress,____,____, and ____ all reduce the vitamin C’s bioavailability

Answer 19

Usage of antibiotics
Alcohol intake
Aspirin
Viral illnesses
Estrogen containing contraceptives

Question 20

T or F
Taking one baby aspirin a day would decrease vitamin C’s bioavailability

Answer 20

False, taking normal aspirin multiple times a day would

Question 21

T or F
Ascorbic acid can lose and gain electrons easily

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Fe2+ is also known as? Is it heme or non heme?

Answer 22

Ferrous form
Heme

Question 23

Fe3+ is also known as? Is it heme or non heme?

Answer 23

Ferric
Non heme

Question 24

What are the functions of vitamin C?

Answer 24

Antioxidant
Regenerates vitamin E
Increases absorption of non heme iron
Sysnthesis and metabolism of B9
Conversion of cholesterol to bile

Question 25

Other than vitamin C what mineral is important for folate metabolism?

Answer 25

Zinc

Question 26

Vitamin C helps with the synthesis of ___ and ___, and also reduces the severity of a ____ reaction

Answer 26

Carnitine Collagen Allergic

Question 27

What transports fatty acids into the mitochondria to be broken down?

Answer 27

Carnitine

Question 28

____ is important for the metabolism of certain neurotransmitters

Answer 28

Tyrosine

Question 29

____ constitutes the principal protein of skin, bones, teeth, cartilage, tendons, blood vessels, heart valves, inter vertebral discs, cornea, and eye lens

Answer 29

Collagen

Question 30

Vitamin C stimulates the production and function of certain ____

Answer 30

Leukocytes

Question 31

T or F Vitamin C stimulates chemotaxis and phagocytosis, as well as enhancing B-cell proliferation

Answer 31

False, T cell proliferation

Question 32

T or F Vitamin C helps block pathways that lead to apoptosis of T cells

Answer 32

True

Question 33

What diseases has vitamin C been used for for prevention and treatment?

Answer 33

CVD Diabetes Common cold Cataracts and ARMD CANCER

Question 34

What are 5 symptoms of a vitamin C deficiency resulting in scurvy that deal with collagen?

Answer 34

1. Spontaneous rupture and hermitage of cappliaries around hair follicles 2. Bleeding gums 3. Impaired wound healing 4. Muscle weakness/ degeneration 5. Weakening of blood vessels

Question 35

What is the spontaneous rupture and hermitage of caplilsries around hair follicles called?

Answer 35

Petechiae

Question 36

Abdominal pain and _____ are signs of a vitamin C toxicity because bacteria metabolize extra vitamin C

Answer 36

Osmotic diarrhea

Question 37

Oxalate and Uric acid based ____, impaired ____ activity, and hemochromatosis are more signs of a vitamin C toxicity

Answer 37

Kidney stones Leukocyte Hemochromatosis=iron toxicity

Question 38

T or F Vitamin C increases ability of bacteria to perform phagocytosis on white blood cells

Answer 38

False

Question 39

Fat soluble vitamins include A. Vitamin D B. Retinoids C. Vitamin C D. Two are correct E. All are correct

Answer 39

D

Question 40

What is the UL for vitamin C for someone who is 27 years old?

Answer 40

2000 mg/d

Question 41

T or F GLUT transports can transport both vitamin C and glucose

Answer 41

True

Question 42

T or F Vitamin C is transported in lymphatic system after digestion

Answer 42

False

Question 43

T or F The risk of hemochromatosis is increased by vitamin C due to the fact that vitamin C increases age synthesis in the body

Answer 43

False

Question 44

T or F Carnitine is a transporter of amino acids into mitochondria of the cell

Answer 44

False, transports fatty acids