Iodine

Question 1

Iodine is a ____ which tend to accept an electron in nature as a negatively charged ion

Answer 1

Halogen

Question 2

T or F
Iodine is used as a topical agent because it has a broad spectrum of anti-infective actions against yeast, fungi, spores, bacteria, viruses, spores, and protozoa

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What is the RDA for iodine for females and males 14-70?

Answer 3

150 mcg/d

Question 4

What is the RDA for iodine for pregnant people <18 and 18-50?

Answer 4

220 mcg/d

Question 5

What is the RDA for iodine for lactating people <18 and 18-50?

Answer 5

290 mcg/d

Question 6

What is the typical range of intake for people?

Answer 6

100-200 mcg/ d for USA ppl

Question 7

T or F
If you grew potatoes near the coast they would be higher in iodine

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What are food sources of iodine?

Answer 8

Marine seafood
Table salt
Dairy foods (from cows feed/ soil grazing in)
Crab
Seaweed (kelp, nori, Wakame)

Question 9

Table salt provides only ___% of dietary salt intake

Answer 9

15%

Question 10

What are the colors of
Kelp=
Nori=
Wakame=
And how many mcg do each usually have?

Answer 10

Kelp= brown/ 2,500-10,000 mcg
Nori= red/ 20-200 mcg
Wakame= green/ 30-185 mcg

Question 11

For pregnant women and children, the recommendation is to limit ____ to one serving per week

Answer 11

Brown seaweed

Question 12

T or F
Dietary iodine is only found free in the body, if does not bind to amino acids

Answer 12

False

Question 13

T or F
Iodine is absorbed in the small intestine

Answer 13

False, rapidly absorbed in stomach

Question 14

What is the absorption rate of iodine?

Answer 14

90%

Question 15

T or F
Iodine can be absorbed in the skin

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Free iodine appears in the ____ and is capable of ____. Free iodine mostly appears in the ____

Answer 16

Bloodstream
Permeating all tissue
Thyroid

Question 17

T or F
The kidneys have many mechanisms to conserve iodine

Answer 17

False, they have none

Question 18

____ primarily influences your metabolism and protein synthesis

Answer 18

Thyroid gland

Question 19

What are the thyroid hormones?

Answer 19

Triiodothyronine (T3) ) has 3 iodine
Thyroxine (T4) has 4 iodine

Question 20

Thyroid hormone synthesis happens by the ____ secreting thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) which sends its signal to the ____ where it secreted the thyroid stimulating hormone (thyrotropin) which then reaches the _____

Answer 20

Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland
Thyroid hormone receptor

Question 21

What are the proteins that T3 and T4 are bound to in the blood?

Answer 21

Thyroxine binding globulin
Albumin
Transthyretin

Question 22

T3 and T4 act on tissues such as the liver, kidney, ___, ___, and adipose tissue

Answer 22

Muscle (helps w/ contraction)
GI tract (helps w absorption/ digestion)

Question 23

Thyroid hormones help with regulation of body temp by ____ and brain maturation because it’s crucial for ____

Answer 23

Increase heat production
Fetal neurodevelopment

Question 24

T3 and T4 lead to increased in ____, ____, FFA metabolism/ glycolysis and glycogenesis, and ____

Answer 24

Tissue growth (protein synthesis)
Enhances lipolysis
Transcription

Question 25

What concentration reflects the mass of thyroid tissue present and originates in the thyroid gland?

Answer 25

Thyroglobulin

Question 26

Physical damage/ inflammation of the thyroid gland and the magnitude of thyrotropin receptor stimulation is reflected by the concentration of _____

Answer 26

Thyroglobulin

Question 27

What reflects the health of the thyroid gland?

Answer 27

Thyroglobulin

Question 28

What other nutrients are important for iodine function?

Answer 28

Vitamin A Iron Selenium

Question 29

Why is vitamin A important for iodine?

Answer 29

Helps uptake iodine to thyroid gland

Question 30

Why are iron and selenium important for iodine? What specifically helps?

Answer 30

Aid in production of thyroid hormone Thyroid peroxidase (Fe) 5’-deiodinase (Se)

Question 31

What is the RDA for selenium for people that are 14-70?

Answer 31

55 ug/d

Question 32

What are the highest sources of selenium?

Answer 32

Beef Chicken Canned tuna Shrimp Brazil nuts (1 nut)

Question 33

____ are substances that interfere with iodine metabolism to inhibit thyroid hormonogenesis

Answer 33

Goitrogens

Question 34

Goitrogens can affect _____, production of thyroid hormone, and _____

Answer 34

Iodine update by the gland Hormone release from thyroid cells

Question 35

What are 3 examples of Goitrogens?

Answer 35

Glucosinolates Goitrin Lithium (in medications/ not food)

Question 36

An example of glucosinolates is ___. Very high intake of ___/___ may cause hypothyroidism

Answer 36

Cruciferous vegetables Brassica/ cruciferous vegetables

Question 37

What are food sources of glucosinolates?

Answer 37

Cauilflower Bok Choy Kale Cabbage Broccoli Brussels sprouts

Question 38

Vegans, those who follow a ____ diet, ____, ____, and certain areas of the world are all possible ppl with iodine deficiency

Answer 38

Low salt diet Lactose deficient Pregnancy/ lactation

Question 39

T or F Iodine status in the US is considered poor at the population level

Answer 39

False, considered sufficient

Question 40

T or F The percentage of women of childbearing age with iodine deficiency is decreasing

Answer 40

False, increasing

Question 41

Why are thyroid hormones important to infants?

Answer 41

Influences metabolism and expression of genes of infant

Question 42

What can iodine have an effect on in fetus’s?

Answer 42

Embryogenesis Growth/ development of body Neurological/ cognitive function

Question 43

T or F Iodine is important to the fetus growth, development, and proper neurological/ cognitive function

Answer 43

True

Question 44

Possible problems of iodine deficiency are ____, goiter, ____, and ____

Answer 44

Hypothyroidism Impaired fetus cognitive development Cretinism

Question 45

Symptoms of cretinism are ____, ____, poor feeding habits, ___, and others

Answer 45

Hypotonia (reduced muscle tone/ more weakness) Thick/ increased tongue Short physique

Question 46

T or F The endocrine system is a collection of glands and organs that produce hormones that regulate metabolism among other things

Answer 46

True

Question 47

Which of the following are high food sources for iodine? A. Cows milk B. Most fast food C. Cows milk D. Two correct E. All correct

Answer 47

A

Question 48

T or F An iodine deficiency can cause a toxic goiter

Answer 48

True

Question 49

Which of the following are symptoms of hypothyroidism? A. Weight gain B. Heavy menstrual bleeding/ irregular periods C. Low energy levels D. Two correct E. All correct

Answer 49

E

Question 50

Which are correct? A. Supplements contains seaweed are not always reliable with regard to the amount of iodine contained within B. The hypothalamus is found in the brain and produced thy rotor pin releasing hormone C. Thyroid peroxidase contains the mineral Se as a cofactor D. Two correct E. All correct

Answer 50

D

Question 51

Which of the following are functions of iodine? A. Aids in glycogenesis B. Protein degradation C. Enhances lipolysis D. Two correct E. All correct

Answer 51

C

Question 52

T or F Cows milk is high in iodine because they treat the utters of cows with iodine to act as an antiseptic

Answer 52

True

Question 53

Which of the following are correct statements about iodine deficiency? A. Goitrin found in cruciferous veggies can increase iodine deficiency B. It can impair cognitive development of developing fetus C. Cretinism is reversible after birth D. Two correct E. All correct

Answer 53

B

Question 54

T or F Thyroglobulin is important for maintaining the uptake of T3/T4 into the cell for DNA transcription

Answer 54

False

Question 55

T or F Very high intakes of cruciferous veggies over long periods of time May cause hypothyroidism

Answer 55

True

Question 56

T or F Zinc, vitamin A, and iodine can all act as transcription factors

Answer 56

True