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Module 1 > Immunity > Flashcards

Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Immunity

A

Is a physiologic process that provides an individual with protection or defense disease

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2
Q

Acquired immunity

A

Produced by prior exposure or antibody production
Requires exposure

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3
Q

Innate immunity

A

What you are born with

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4
Q

Active immunity (immune response)

A

Produced by antibodies that develop in response to antigens

MY BODY IS DOING THE FIGHTING

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5
Q

Naturally acquired immunity (apart of ACTIVE immunity)

A

Develops after exposure to antigens in environment

Ex. Catching the flu, acquiring antibodies, catching the flu again but not getting it as bad

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6
Q

Induced ACTIVE immunity

A

Develops after administration of antigen to prevent disease

Ex i get the flu vaccine

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7
Q

Passive immunity

A

Produced by transfer of antibodies from another person

SOMETHING ELSE IS DOING THE FIGHTING

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8
Q

Induced passive immunity

A

Conferred by administration of antibodies to combat infection

Ex. Covid patients getting antibodies from other people who had covid to help fight it.

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9
Q

Natural passive immunity

A

Conferred by transfer of maternal antibodies across the placenta

Ex breast milk!! (The only way to get natural passive immunity)

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10
Q

What is a vital resource to immunity?

A

NUTRITION!!

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11
Q

What will nutrition help?

A

Innate immunity (natural)
Anti inflammation
Anti aging (foods high in collagen)
Anti cancer

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12
Q

What your immunity should look like if you are healthy

A

Normal WBC- our blood count look like the way they should
Negative bacterial and viral cultures
Soft, non tender lymph nodes
Recognition of self
Recognition of foreign proteins

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13
Q

Psychological, social and environmental

A

Patients who are isolated, financial stresses,mistreatment (are they being deprived of food), hospitalization, change in life style

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14
Q

Oral and dental disorders

A

Poorly fitted dentures, mouth dryness, poor dental status, taste disorders, oral mucosa disorders

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15
Q

Swallowing disorders

A

Dysphagia

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16
Q

Psychiatric disorders

A

Eating disorders, depressive disorders

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17
Q

Changes in mental status

A

Confusion

18
Q

Other neurological disorders

A

Stroke

19
Q

Long term drug therapy/ poly medication

A

Loss of apetite, dry mouth, drowsiness

20
Q

Acute/chronic diseases

A

Pain, constipation, disability

21
Q

Dependency of ADLS

A

Need assistance with cooking, eating, mobility

22
Q

Restrictive diets

A

Physician order diets or slimming diet

23
Q

Why do you have to be careful when it comes to slimming diets?

A

We have to learn to balance out everything because our bodies need carbs

24
Q

What happens when you are strict about what you eat?

A

It can cause immunodeficiency disorders

25
Q

Antigens

A

Proteins that induce an immune response when they enter the body.

26
Q

Where cab antigens be found?

A

Microorganisms
Vaccines
Transplanted organs
Allergens (animal dander, pollen, foods)

27
Q

What are some localized signs and symptoms?

A

Redness
Swelling
Heat
Pain
Loss of function

28
Q

What are some Systemic signs and symptoms

A

Fever
Increased white blood cells
Malaise
Anorexia
Nausea/vomiting
Lymph node tenderness/enlargements
Organ failure

29
Q

Inflammatory response

A

Inflammation is a non specific response to something that is harmful to the body (infection,injury,allergen)

Is not specific!

30
Q

What is the response for chronic inflammation?

A

Cause of inflammation remains active
Tissue destruction continues
Scar tissue may continue to form rather than normal functional tissue
Response to infections is in adequate
Patient experiences chronic symptoms (pain)

31
Q

When does an allergic response happen?

A

Hypersensitive immune reaction to a substance that normally is harmless or would not cause an immune response in everyone

32
Q

What kind of allergic response can happen?

A

Mild
Life threatening

33
Q

What is released during an allergic response?

A

Histamine.

34
Q

What does the body produce during an allergic response?

A

Antibody to the substance to try to fight it off

35
Q

What does the histamine cause in our bodies?

A

It can cause us to feel stuffy like seasonal allergies

36
Q

What are factors that can increase host susceptibility to infection?

A

Developmental
Breaks in the first line of defense
Illness or injury/chronic disease
Smoking
Substance abuse
Multiple sex partners
Environmental factors
Invasive procedures
Suppressed immune system medications

37
Q

Why does our developmental status increase host susceptibility to infection?

A

Very young- not a mature immune system , infants can’t have honey

And the very old(chronic diseases, frail teeth)

38
Q

What kind of breaks in the first line of defense can occur?

A

If there is a cut or open in the skin it is an opening for bacteria to come in

39
Q

What are some examples of the first line of defense?

A

Skin, oral mucosa, vaginal cavity, anal cavity

40
Q

If we have chronic diseases

A

We are more than likely to have a poor immune response

Like heart failure

41
Q

Why does smoking increase host susceptibility to infection?

A

There are a lot of carcinogens in nicotine and introducing that into lungs and it can create an environment for things to grow

42
Q

Malnutrition

A

Infections are frequent and chronic in malnutrition
Protien- energy malnutrition results in thymus changes
Micronutrients deficiency affects innate and adaptive immune response

Module 1 (18 decks)

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