Immunity 3

Question 1

What is the difference between the 3rd and the 1st & 2nd

Answer 1

specific response
Occurs only after and immunizing event (infection)
Has specificity and memory

Question 2

B lymphocytes + T lymphocytes result in

Answer 2

Acquired Immunity

Question 3

How many stages does the 3rd line of defense?

Answer 3

4 stages

Question 4

What are the stages of the 3rd line

Answer 4

1. Maturation
2. presentation of antigens
3. Challenge of T & B cells
4. Response

Question 5

Cell Marker are important for

Answer 5

recognition
detection
communication

Question 6

what is the site of maturation of B Cells

Answer 6

the bone marrow

Question 7

What is the site of maturation of T Cells

Answer 7

Thymus

Question 8

What are the surface markers of B Cells

Answer 8

Ig

Question 9

What are the surface markers for T Cells

Answer 9

T cell receptor

CD

Question 10

Antigen receptors for B Cells

Answer 10

Ig

Question 11

Antigen receptors for T Cells

Answer 11

T Cell receptors

Question 12

Which Lymphocyte is in high circulation in the blood

Answer 12

T Cells

Question 13

Which Lymphocyte does NOT require MHC APC

Answer 13

B Cells

Question 14

Stimulation of T cells produce

Answer 14

Cytotoxic
Regulatory
Helper
Memory

Question 15

Plasma and memory cells are produced by

Answer 15

B Cell

Question 16

Produce anitbodies to inactivate antigens

Answer 16

B Cells

Question 17

Help other Cells
Kill infected cells
Make cytokines
Mediate Hypersensitivity

Answer 17

T Cells

Question 18

Are T Cell receptors Secreted

Answer 18

No

Question 19

T Cell main receptors

Answer 19

CD3
CD4
CD8

Question 20

What are the 3 clonal mechanisms?

Answer 20

Clonal Selection
Clonal Expansion
Clonal Deletion

Question 21

which clonal mechanism keeps the T & B Cells from attacking self

Answer 21

Clonal Deletion

Question 22

Does an antigen have to infect the body for Lymphocytes to develop receptors for it

Answer 22

No, lymphocytes posses all receptors without needing to have contact with an antigen

Question 23

Lymphocytes have what kind of specificity

Answer 23

Single

Question 24

What does single specificity mean

Answer 24

the lymphocyte reacts to a single antigen

Question 25

Cell proliferation is which clonal mechanism

Answer 25

Cell Expansion

Question 26

What is Stage 1

Answer 26

B & T Cell maturation

Question 27

Are all substances immunogens?

Answer 27

No, substances must fulfill certain requirements

Question 28

What are the requirements to be an immuogen

Answer 28

Foreigness Size Shape Accessibility

Question 29

What materials tend to be the most immunogenic

Answer 29

Complex molecules Proteins Larger molecules

Question 30

The 3 APCs

Answer 30

Macrophage B Cells Dendritic Cells

Question 31

What happens when B and T cells are challenged by an antigen

Answer 31

The cells begin to proliferate and differentiate

Question 32

What happens when T Cells are stimulated

Answer 32

T and B Cells, and phagocytes mobilize

Question 33

How are T Cells activated?

Answer 33

an antigen comes in contact with with a T Cell receptor

Question 34

What types of T Cells are made during the 4th stage of the Third Line of defense

Answer 34

Effector Cells Memory Cells Regulatory Cells

Question 35

Effector Cells

Answer 35

Cytotoxic T Cells | Helper T Cells

Question 36

what are the purpose of effector Cells

Answer 36

The Cells that actively defend the body against infections

Question 37

What are functions of helper cells

Answer 37

Activate macrophages and Cytotoxic T Cells Drives B Cell Proliferation Promotes inflammation Activates CMI Pathways

Question 38

What are Ctytotoxic target cells?

Answer 38

Viral infected cells Cancerous Cells Cells from other organisms

Question 39

How does Cytotoxic T Cells kill infected cells?

Answer 39

Lysis

Question 40

Does T Cells secrete antibodies?

Answer 40

No they do not

Question 41

What cells do B Cells differentiate into when stimulated by antigens

Answer 41

Plasma Cells | Memory Cells

Question 42

What is the significance of Memory cells

Answer 42

Ensures that some of the B Cells survive with the knowledge of that specific pathogen so the body can respond faster

Question 43

What are the types of immunity

Answer 43

Passive natural and artifical | Active natural and artifical

Question 44

what is an example of active natural immunity

Answer 44

get sick

Question 45

Example of Passive natural

Answer 45

Breat-feeding | Immunity gained through the mother

Question 46

Example of artifical Passive

Answer 46

Antibody therapy

Question 47

What type of immunity are vaccines

Answer 47

Active Artifical

Question 48

What do vaccines do?

Answer 48

Stimulate a primary response and memory response | must contain the antigen without causing disease

Question 49

what are the some methods of preparation

Answer 49

Whole | Subunits

Question 50

examples of whole vaccines

Answer 50

Living attenuated | Inactivated

Question 51

Subunit preparatation

Answer 51

genetically engineeered from cultures cunjugated viruses Chemically synthesized

Question 52

what are the pros of Passive immunity

Answer 52

Useful for specific infections useful on immunocompromised patients Good when no antimicrobial is unavailable

Question 53

What is a con of passive immunity

Answer 53

short term

Question 54

Pros of live vaccines

Answer 54

Microbe behaves like wild microbe but does not spread disease long-lasting protection

Question 55

Cons of live vaccines

Answer 55

can be transmitted | can mutate and regain virulence

Question 56

what are characteristics of Active immunity

Answer 56

creates a memory reaction takes several days to acquire last for a long period of time

Question 57

What are characteristics of Passive immunity

Answer 57

lack memory reaction lack antibody reproduction protection begins immediately short-term

Question 58

antibodies

Answer 58

``` Neutralization Agglutinate Antitoxins Opsonization Trigger complement ```

Question 59

neutralization

Answer 59

prevent proper antigen attatchment

Question 60

Agglutinate

Answer 60

causes antigens to clump together

Question 61

Antitioxin

Answer 61

Neutralizes exotoxins

Question 62

Opsonization

Answer 62

Marks cells for destruction

Question 63

which Ig is secretory and are gotten from mother

Answer 63

IgA

Question 64

Whigh Ig is the first responder

Answer 64

IgM

Question 65

IgM are what shape

Answer 65

pentagonal shaped

Question 66

the most common Ig

Answer 66

IgG

Question 67

if IgG> IgM the infection is

Answer 67

Chronic