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Module 1 (Intro To Basics) > Immunity/Reactivity > Flashcards

Immunity/Reactivity Flashcards

1
Q

Immunity def

A

physiologic process that provides an individual with protection or defense from disease
-responds to threats on an individualized basis

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2
Q

Acquired Immunity

A

produced by prior exposure or antibody production

Active and Passive Immunity

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3
Q

Innate Immunity

A

genetically determined - no prior exposure or antibody production involved

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4
Q

Natural flora immunity is under the

A

innate immunity

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5
Q

Active Immunity

A

produced by antibodies that develop in response to antigens
immune response

Natural or Induced

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6
Q

Passive Immunity

A

produced by transfer of antibodies from another person

Induced and Natural passive

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7
Q

Naturally Acquired Immunity

A

develops after exposure to antigens in environment

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8
Q

Induced active immunity

A

develops after the administration of antigens to prevent diseases

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9
Q

Vaccines are what type of immunity?

A

Active induced

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10
Q

Plasma and antibody transfer immunity to a specific disease given to someone what type of immunity?

A

Induced passive immunity

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11
Q

Induced passive immunity

A

conferred by the administration of antibodies to combat infection

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12
Q

Nutrition helps the immune system by

A

fighting infection and natural immunity in the body

-innate immunity
-anti-inflammation
-anti-aging
-anticancer

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13
Q

Natural passive immunity

A

conferred by transfer of maternal antibodies across placenta or in the breast milk

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14
Q

Attributes of Immunity

A

Normal WBC and differential counts
negative bacterial and viral cultures
soft, non-tender lymph nodes
recognition of self
recognition of foreign proteins

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15
Q

Malnutrition: Protein Risk Factors
psychological, social, and environmental

A

social isolation, grieving, finances, mistreatment, hospitalization, change in lifestyle

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16
Q

Malnutrition: Protein Risk Factors
Oral and dental disorders

A

poorly fitted dentures, mouth dryness, poor dental status, taste disorders, oral mucosa disorders

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17
Q

Malnutrition: Protein Risk Factors
Swallowing disorders

A

dysphagia

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18
Q

Malnutrition: Protein Risk Factors
Psychiatric disorders

A

eating and depressive disorders

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19
Q

Malnutrition: Protein Risk Factors
Change in mental status

A

confusion, stroke, paralysis

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20
Q

Malnutrition: Protein Risk Factors
Long-term drug therapy/polymedication

A

loss of appetite, dry mouth, drowsiness

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21
Q

Malnutrition: Protein Risk Factors
Acute/Chronic diseases

A

pain, constipation, disability

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22
Q

Malnutrition: Protein Risk Factors
Dependent of ADLs

A

need assistance with cooking, eating, mobility

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23
Q

Malnutrition: Protein Risk Factors
Restrictive Diets

A

physician order diets or slimming diet

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24
Q

Antigen

A

proteins that induce an immune response when they enter the body

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25
Antigens are found in
microorganisms vaccines transplanted organs allergens (animal dander, pollen, foods)
26
Inflammation
cellular response to injury, infection, or irritation
27
Localized Inflammation S/S
redness, swelling, heat, **pain**, loss of function
28
Systemic Inflammation S/S
fever, increase WBC, malaise, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lymph node tenderness/enlargement, organ failure
29
Inflammatory Response
non-specific response to something that is harmful to the body ( infection, injury, or allergen)
30
_____________ plays a role in many chronic diseases.
Inflammation
31
Chronic response
-Cause of inflammation remains active -Tissue destruction continues -Scar tissue may continue to form rather than a normal functional tissue -Response to infections is inadequate -Patient experiences chronic symptoms (e.g., pain)
32
Allergic Response
hypersensitive immune **reaction** to a substance that is normally harmless or would not cause an immune **response** in everyone -Mild to life-threatening -Histamine released -body produces antibodies to the substance
33
Factors increasing Host susceptibility infection
developmental breaks in skin illness, injury, chronic disease smoking substance abuse multiple sex partners environmental factors invasive procedures suppressed immune system/medications
34
Americans eat __% of toxic junk food with only __% to __% nutritious foods from fruits, veggies, grains, and legumes.
90%; 10-11%
35
Malnutrition
infections are frequent and chronic Micronutrient deficiency affects innate and adaptive immune response
36
Micronutrients
iron zinc copper selenium vitamins
37
Stress on the immune system
Corticosteroids - stress hormone suppresses the immune system -decreases T cells Unhealthy coping strategies (drinking, smoking, insomnia)
38
Exercise on immune system
-increase t-cells -lower levels of inflammation -causes WBC to circulate more rapidly -greater response to vaccines -flushes out toxins from the body through sweat, urine, and respiratory tract
39
Older Adult Immune Systems
less able to distinguish self from nonself macrophages destroy antigens more slowly T-cells respond less quickly to antigens WBC are fewer therefore the body is less stable to remember and defend itself Antibodies become less able to attach to antigens Decrease in thirst therefore an increase in UTIs
40
Nursing Interventions in Immunity
Nutrition Hand hygiene Immunization Adequate rest and exercise education
41
Antioxidant
protects against cell damage
42
Vitamins
A, B6, B12, C, D, E, Folate Zinc, Iron, Copper, Selenium
43
Vitamin C
stimulates the production, function, and movement of leukocytes. Increases levels of antibodies
44
Vitamin D
limits inflammatory response promoted by specific T cell types.
45
Vitamin A
helps maintain the structural and functional integrity of mucosal cells in innate barriers
46
Vitamin E
antioxidant and protects the integrity of cell membranes. Enhances T cell functions and lymphocyte proliferation
47
Vitamin B6
Helps regulate inflammation. Has a role in antibody production
48
Vitamin B12
Facilitates production of T lymphocytes
49
Folate
maintains innate immunity and has roles in cell immunity
50
Zinc
maintains skin and mucosal membrane integrity. Central role in cellular growth and differentiation of immune cells.
51
Iron
Forms highly toxic hydroxyl radicals involved in killing bacteria. Important in proliferation of T lymphocytes
52
Copper
antimicrobial properties. Has roles in both T cell proliferation, antibody production and cellular immunity
53
Selenium
Involved in T lymphocyte proliferation, humoral system and immunoglobulin production.
54
The primary mediator of Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction is
Immunoglobulin E (IgE)
55
Allergy Type 1
-deleterious effects of hypersensitivity to exogenous antigens -atopic-genetic predisposed
56
Most common allergies is
Type 1
57
Examples of Allergy Type 1
pollen, mold, fungi, foods, animals, dust, and almost anything we encounter in our environment
58
S/S of allergies
watery, runny eyes runny nose sneezing nasal congestion an itchy rash or hives
59
Anaphylaxis
-Immediate Type 1 hypersensitivity -rapid release of IgE-mediated chemicals -induces severe, life-threatening allergic reaction -food, drug, and insect bites
60
Anaphylaxis Lung S/S
Trouble breathing or noisy breathing Coughing, wheezing Sneezing Congestion Tightness in lungs Hoarseness
61
Anaphylaxis Skin S/S
Pale or flushed skin Hives or Welts Itchy skin Sweating
62
Anaphylaxis Mouth S/S
Swelling of throat, face, lips, or tongue
63
Anaphylaxis Heart and Blood vessels S/S
Chest pain Low blood pressure Weak, rapid pulse Dizziness, fainting
64
Anaphylaxis Stomach and digestion S/S
Abdominal pain Nausea, vomiting Diarrhea
65
IgE
reactions are mediated by antigen-specific IgE and the products of tissue mast cells
66
Treatment
1st - Epinephrine Benadryl
67
EPI-Pen
dosage: 0.3 mg IM, one-time use light-sensitive, keep in a storage tube administer in thigh ~ Very Expensive ~
68
Epinephrine action
adrenergic response
69
Epinephrine Routes: SQ
Onset 5-10 mins Peak 20 mins Duration 1-4 hrs
70
Epinephrine Routes: IM
Onset 6-12 mins Peak Unknown Duration 1-4 hrs
71
Epinephrine Routes: IV
Onset rapid Peak 20 mins Duration 20-30 mins
72
Epinephrine for Anaphylactic Reaction SQ, IM dosage and frequency
0.1-0.5mg (not to exceed 1mg); may repeat every 10-15 mins
73
Epinephrine for Anaphylactic Reaction IV dosage and frequency
0.25mg every 5-15 mins, may be followed by 1-4mcg continuous infusion
74
Benadryl action
antagonizes the effects of histamine at the receptor site
75
Benadryl route - PO
Onset 15-60 mins Peak 2-4 hrs Duration 4-8 hrs
76
Benadryl route - IM
Onset 20-30 mins Peak 2-4 hrs Duration 4-8 hrs
77
Benadryl route - IV
Onset Rapid Peak Unknown Duration 4-8 hrs
78
Benadryl for Anaphylactic Reaction PO dose and frequency
25-50mg every 4-6 hrs, not to exceed 300mg/ day
79
Benadryl for Anaphylactic Reaction IM dose and frequency
25-50mg every 4 hrs, not to exceed 400mg/day
80
If both parents have a specific allergy, then the child has a _______ chance of getting it.
80% likely
81
If anaphylaxis is left untreated, what can it ultimately lead to?
Heart failure
82
Anaphylatic Reaction
rapid onset dyspnea (tight throat, bronchospasm, laryngeal edema) feeling of apprehension tingling and swelling in mouth, face, throat, and tongue itching decrease bp tachycardia LOC

Module 1 (Intro To Basics) (32 decks)

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