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Module 1 (Intro To Basics) > Safety / Infection Control > Flashcards

Safety / Infection Control Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

What are ways to describe infections?

A

Inherent/Contagious
Localized/Systemic
Primary/Secondary
Exogenous/Endogenous

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2
Q

Infection

A

pathogen invades tissues and multiplies in host

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3
Q

Colonization

A

presence and multiplication of micros within a host without tissue damage/invasion

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4
Q

Communicable

A

transfered from one to another

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5
Q

Symptomatic

A

shows signs and symptoms

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6
Q

Asymptomatic

A

multiply without signs

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7
Q

Virulence

A

ability to produce disease

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8
Q

Prevention of infections

A

hand hygiene, barrier techniques, antiseptic/disinfectants, immunizations/meds, conscientious patient care

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9
Q

What is the most important prevention of infection?

A

hand hygiene

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10
Q

Hand hygiene’s essential action

A

friction

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11
Q

Longer duration of care (with absence of hand hygiene) =

A

higher contamination on hands

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12
Q

Nosocomial

A

healthcare-related infection

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13
Q

Nosocomial effects

A

increase in mobidity and mortality of patients
increase in cost to organizations
decrease in trust

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14
Q

VRE

A

vancomycin-resistant enterobacterium (GI-resistant)

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15
Q

5 moments of hand hygiene is needed

A

-before touching a patient
-before cleaning/aseptic procedures
-after body fluid exposure risk
-after touching a patient
-after touching patient surroundings

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16
Q

Natural defense against infections

A

skin, mouth, eyes, respiratory tract, urinary tract, gi tract, vagina pH

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17
Q

Chain of infection

A

infectious agent - reservoir - portal of exit - transmission - portal of entry - susceptible host

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18
Q

Reservoir types

A

people, equipment, food, insects, water, animals

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19
Q

portal of exits

A

blood, secretions, excretions, skin

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20
Q

modes of transmission

A

physical, contact, droplets, airborne (inanimated objects)

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21
Q

portals of entry

A

mouth, lungs, digestion, skin lesions

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22
Q

susceptible host

A

immunocompromised, diabetes, burns, surgery, age, stress

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23
Q

Streptococcus, TB, and UTI are examples of what type of infectious agent?

A

bacterial

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24
Q

cold, flu, COVID, Hepatitis are examples of what type of infectious agent

A

viral

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25
Ringworm and yeast infection are examples of what type of infectious agent
fungal
26
Hookworms and pinworms are examples of what type of infectious agent
parasitic
27
Prions are an example of what infectious agent
transmissible spongiform encephalopathies
28
Do TSEs (prions) have a treatment plan?
no
29
secretions
solutions made by body and moved around (hormones)
30
excretions
come out of living things (urine, semen, stool)
31
Fomite
inanimate objects that transmit germs with indirect contact
32
Exudate
massive cells or fluid out of a patient (direct contact)
33
Medical asepsis
reduce the number of pathogens, "clean technique", used in administering meds , tubes Hand wash is #1
34
Surgical asepsis
eliminates all pathogens "sterile technique" used in dress changes, catheters, surgeries
35
Normal flora
resides in the skin and digestive tract helps digest food and keep away pathogen
36
Disinfectant
alone or a combination that includes alcohols, chlorine, or formaldehyde -commercially -not interchangeable -germicide, UV radiation, pasteurization
37
Sterilization
heat/steam destroys all microorganisms on surface/fluid to prevent disease transmissions
38
What wipes do you use to prevent C. diff? And how long do you use it?
Bleach wipes; 3 minutes
39
isolation
intentional separation and restriction of ill with confirmed contagious, transmissible disease
40
Basic Principles of Isolation
understand disease-transmitted PPE usage hand hygiene before and after contaminated disposed protect all people at risk
41
PPE
gowns, gloves, mask, eye protection
42
Tier 1 Isolation
standard precautions -all patients in all settings -gloves and hand hygiene
43
Tier 2 Isolation
expanded -suspected of colonized with contagious, transmissible pathogen -orders to isolation cart (ppe) to disposable equipment to door sign to restrictions to notify units
44
What color is the contact precaution?
green
45
What are the diseases or precautions for Contact isolation?
MDRO, VRE, RSV, Shingles, Rotavirus, Lice, Scabies, wounds without dressing or containment of drainage
46
Contact Precautions Supplies and procedure to enter rooms
Before entering hand hygiene Gown and gloves - dispose of inside the room Hand hygiene after
47
What color is special contact precaution?
Yellow
48
What color is droplet precaution?
Orange
49
What color is airborne precaution?
Pink
50
What are the diseases or precautions for special contact isolation?
C. diff, Norovirus, diarrhea on admission
51
What are the diseases or precautions for droplet isolation?
flu, pertussis-whooping cough, bacterial meningitis until ruled out Neisseria meningitis(larger than 5 microns)
52
What are the diseases or precautions for Airbone (negative air) isolation?
TB, measles, disseminated shingles, varicella (chicken pox), smallpox
53
Special Contact Precautions Supplies and procedure to enter rooms
Hand hygiene before gown and gloves required to leave in there Soap and water at exit Cleanlinens and BLEACH wipes for 3 minutes on surfaces
54
Droplet Precautions Supplies and procedure to enter rooms
Before entering hand hygiene Mask Hand hygiene leaving
55
Airborne Precautions Supplies and procedure to enter rooms
Hand hygiene N95 for a nurse (leave on till anteroom) The patient needs a surgical mask and clean linens if leaves the room Negative air pressure room (keep the door closed) Hand hygiene
56
COVID isolation procedures (without aerosolized)
no aerosolized procedures Contact and Droplet Precautions (mask, gown, gloves)
57
COVID with aerosolized procedures isolation (breathing treatment and ventilator)
Special Respiratory Precautions -hand hygiene -N95 respirator, face shield -Negative pressure room with door closed -surgical mask/clean linens if leaving
58
Protective Precaution for immunocompromised
screen all visitors, no one below 14, mask outside of isolation, no fruits or flowers Posistive Pressure Room
59
PPE sequence donning
Gown Mask Goggles Gloves
60
PPE sequence doffing
Gloves Goggles Gown Mask
61
What is the scientific name for lice?
Pediculus capitis

Module 1 (Intro To Basics) (32 decks)

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