Immunization

Question 1

Vaccine

Answer 1

-Killed vaccine: whole, killed microbe
-Attenuated, live vaccine: risk to immunocompromised
-Cell parts: acellular pertussis
TOXOID: weakened bacterial toxin: tetanus toxoid and diphtheria toxoid

Question 2

Active immunity

Answer 2

• Via natural disease or vaccine
• Biological response: antibodies and memory B cells; cytotoxic and memory t cells
• Several weeks to full response
• Boosters

Question 3

Passive Immunity

Answer 3

• Admin of antibody
• Immediate protection
• Duration: few weeks or months
• Examples: breastfeeding; immunoglobulin administration (hep b immunoglobulin, tetanus immunoglobulin, rabies immunoglobulin)

Question 4

Herd immunity

Answer 4

• non-immunized individual protected

- high vaccination rates protect unvaccinated

Question 5

Childhood Immunization Concerns

Answer 5

• Minor illness or local reaction
• No OTC analgesics (decreases immune response)
• Febrile seizures
• Autoimmune disease
• Autism
• Thimerosal (mercury-containing preservative)
• Aluminum as an adjuvant
• 2.1 million kids, ages 1-3 years are NOT vaccinated every year

Question 6

CDC list of vaccine ingredients

Answer 6

-Preservatives: thimerosal (only in mutlidose): prevents contaminations
-Adjuvants: al salts; to help stimulate the body’s response to the antigens
-Stabilizers: sugars, gelatin (to keep the vaccine potent during transport and storage)
-Residual cell culture materials: to grow enough of the virus or bacteria to make the vaccine
-Residual inactivating ingredients: formaldehyde: to kill viruses or inactivate toxins
residual antibiotics

Question 7

Adult Immunizaton

Answer 7

-Influenza, pneumococcal, zoster, Hep A and B, tetanus (95% of all cases) TDaP or TD, MMR, Varicella, Travel related, chronic disease specific

Question 8

Considerations for Vaccine Admin

Answer 8

• True contraindications: anaphylactic reactions to specific vaccine - should not get further doses of THAT vaccine; ana shock due to a component of vaccine; moderate or severe illnesses with or without a fever
• NOT contraindications: mild to moderate local reaction following a dose of an injectable vaccine; mild acute illness with or without low grade fever; diarrhea, current antimicrobial therapy; convalescent phase of illnesses; prematurity; recent exposure to infectious disease; personal or family history of either penicillin allergy or nonspecific allergies

Question 9

Regulation and Logistics

Answer 9

• National Childhood Vaccine Injury
• Reporting Adverse effects
• Storage and Handling
• Who can admin vaccines?