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Immuno Flashcards

Block 1 - New notes (90 cards)

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1
Q

Immunolgy

A

branch of biomedical science that studies immune system in all organisms

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2
Q

Immune system

A

net work of cells, tissue, and organs that work together, prevent and limit entry and effect of pathogens

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3
Q

Pathogen path

A

get in, attach, reproduce, induce changes

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4
Q

IMMUNITY

A

bosies ability to word off diesease through defense mechanisms

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5
Q

Susceptibity

A

bosy’s vulnerability

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6
Q

Immnotherapy

A

bioloical therapy that boots natural defense

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7
Q

Innate responce

A

inborn, natrual, inherent, present from birth, always present, occurs immediately, non-specific, responses to prevent entery and ivasion

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8
Q

Immune memmory

A

follows adaptive, highly specific to original pathogen and retained for later use

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8
Q

Adaptive Response

A

specific responce to specific pathogen once breached, remembers previous assult

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9
Q

Celluar components of immune system

A

bone marrow, myeloid cells, lymphoid cells haematopiesis

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10
Q

Bone marrow

A

contains stem cells, precurosors for all immune cells,

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11
Q

Types of myeloid cells

A

easinophilis, mast cells, monocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages

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12
Q

Lymphoid cells

A

b, t, natural killer

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13
Q

Haematopiesis

A

formation of the cellular component of blood

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14
Q

Primary lymphoid organs

A

thymus + bone marrow

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15
Q

Secondary lymphoid organs

A

lymph node, spleen, mucosa associated lymphoid tissue

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16
Q

Thymus Gland

A

produce and mature T cells, in thoracic cavity

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17
Q

Immune responses

A

first - innate + nonspecific
second - innate + nonspecific
thrid - adaptive + specific

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18
Q

First line of immune response

A

skin + mucous membrane, physical + chemical barriers, microbiome

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19
Q

Mucous Membrane

A

lines all body cavities open to outside, single layer of epithelial cells, continual shedding

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20
Q

Chemical barriers

A

tears, saliva, pH, gastric acid, mucus, hair, earwax, cilia

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21
Q

Normal Flora

A

present in skin + mucous membrane, changing of pH in area, atimulates non-specific immune response

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22
Q

Second line

A

Phagocytes, inflammation, fever, antimicobial substances

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23
Q

Phagocytes

A

neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes/macrophages

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24
erythrocytes
RBC, transport O2 and CO2
25
Leukocytes
WBC, defense + immunity, basophil, lymphocyte, neutraphil, eosinophil, monocyte
26
innate cells
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes/dendritic cells/macrophages
27
Features of innate cells
respond quickly and broadly, activate adaptive immunity, critical for defense, disorders cause chronic susceptibilty
28
Granulocytes
Neutophiles, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells
29
Neutrophils
most abundant WBC, respond quickly following tissue injury
30
Eosinophils
main effector cell in allergic responses + asthma, fights parasitic colonzation
31
Basophils
least common, release histamine
32
Mast cells
key role inflammation, allergy + anaphylaxis
33
Agrenulocytes
lymphocytes + monocytes
34
Lymphocytes
involved in specific immunity (T,B,NK)
35
Monocytes
circulate in blood, leave an mature in marcophages
36
Kupffer cells
liver
37
Histiocytes
tissue
38
Dendrictic + langerhan's
skin
39
microglia
brain
40
Cytotoxic T cells
kills virus-infected + damaged cells
41
Helper T cells
help cytotoxic T + B in immune function
42
B cells
produce antibodies
43
Langerhans cells
members of dendritic cell family, resides in epidermis and epithelia od respiratory, digestive, + urogental tracts
44
Kupffer Cells
phagocytic cells that form lining of sinuses of liver + involved in breaking down RBC
45
Phagocytosis
process of ingestion of microorganisms, cellular debris, + nutrients
46
Stages of phagocytosis
chemotaxis, adherence, ingestion, digestion, elimination
47
Chemotaxis
chemical attraction to microogranisms, microbial products, cytokines, damaged tissue, complement components
48
Adherence
attachment of phafocytic membrane to microorganisms
49
Toll like receptors
pattern recognition receptors expressed in some innate phagocytes
50
Oposnization
process of marking microbe for destruction by phagocytes
51
opsonin
antibody or other that binds to foreign microorganisms or cells, making them more susceptible to phagocytes
52
inflammation
second line of defense, cused by microbes physical presence, serves to destroy infectious agents
53
Acute inflammation
intense and short
54
chronic inflammation
less intense and long lasting
55
Cardinal signs
redness, pain, heat, swellling, loss of function
56
Fever
products of microbes induce cytokine release
57
Antimicrobial substances
complement, interferons, iron binding proteins, antimicrobial peptides
58
Complement
part of innate immune, produces by hepatocytes, destory by enhances phagocytosis, inflammation, or cytolysis
59
3 component pathways
classical, alternate, lectin
60
Classical pathway
initated by antigen antibody complexes
61
Alternate pathway
initated by interaction between C3, actor b, d, p, and pathogen
62
Lectin pathway
Mannose-bindinding lectin binds mannise in surface of microbes
63
Functions
opsonization, chemotaxis, cell lysis, agglutination
64
opsonization
enhancing phagocytosis of bacteria/antigens
65
chemotaxis
attracting macrophages + neutrophils
66
Cell lysis
rupturing membranes of foreign cells
67
Agglutination
clustering and binding of pathogens
68
Components
C1-C9 - activation required,
69
Membrane attack complex
results on surface of a pathogen after others pathways activation, Initation : C5-C7, polymerization C8-C9
70
Interferons
group of signaling proteins released by host cells in response to infection
71
3 types of interferons
Alpha, beta, gamma
72
Iron binding proteins
bacteria require iron, limited growth due to IBP, binds to transferrin, lactoferrin, ferritin, hemoglobin
73
Adaptive immuninty
acquired immunity, retain memory (anamnestic response), takes weeks to days,
74
Epitope
specific piece that antibodies binds to
75
hapten
incomplete antigen, induce antibody response once attached
76
Antibodies
produced by c bells during humeral response, has 2 antigen binding sites, FC region determines class of antibody
77
Extracellular pathogens
B cells with specific receptors, B and T work together to secrete cytokines
78
intracellular pathogens
expressed on surface, T bind to MHC, cytokines activate macrophages
79
Major Histocompatibility complex
binds to foreign to present cell,
80
Class 1 MHC
all nucleated cells, works with CB8
81
Class 2 MHC
anly in antigen presenting cells, works with CD4
82
Class 3 MHC
highest gene density
83
CD4+
t-helper cells
84
CD8+
t-cytotoxic cells
85
Antigen presenting
process and present to T, macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells, langerhans cells
86
Antibodie Dependent Cell mediated cytotoxicity
ADCC, killing of antibodies coated cells by cytotoxic granules
87
Cytokines
messengers produced by immune cells
88
Types of cytokines
interleukines, interferons, tumor necrosis factor
89
chemokines
small cytokines involved in chemotaxis

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