Lect 3 Flashcards
(33 cards)
What is molecular biology
Study of molecular foundation, processes of replication, transcription, translation, and cell function
What is central dogma
Genetic material transcribed into RNA then translated into protein
Genetic material must
Contain information necessary to construct an organism, pass from parent to offspring, accurately copies, known variation within and between species
Frederick Griffith
Bacterial transformation, and smooth S. Pneumoniae would be fatal while the rough version was non-fatal
Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty
Purified method to reveal DNA as genetic materal
Who solved DNA structure
James Watson and Francis Crick with Maurice Wilkins
Rosaliand Franklin proved with what
X-ray diffraction
Erwin Chargaff
Analyzed base composition
Building blocks of nucleotides
Phosphate, sugar, nitrogenous base
DNA is
Double stranded helix, sugar-phosphate backbone, bases inside helix, stabilized by hydrogen bonds, has specific pairing
3 components of DNA
Phosphate group, Pentose sugar, nitrogenous base
RNA 3 components
Phosphate group, pentose sugar, nitrogenous base
Sugars are attached to
1’ and 5’
Base attach to
1’
Phosphate attached to
5’
Phosphodiester bonds
Phosphate group that links two sugars
Nitrogenous base is a type of
Organic molecule that consists of one or two rings
How many bases per turn
10
How many bases per turn
10
DNA helicase
Binds DNA and travels 5 to 3 using ATP
DNA topoisomerase
Relieves additional coiling
3 reasons DNA replication is very accurate
Hydrogen bonds between AT and GC more stable than mismatches, active site of DNA polymerase unlikely bonds mismatches, DNA polymerase removes unmatched pairs
Where does transcription occur
Bacteria - cytoplasm
Eukaryotes - in nucleus
What percent of genes are structural
90
