Lect 2

Question 1

what elements do all macromolecules made of

Answer 1

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphuric, phosphorous

Question 2

What do all living things have in common

Answer 2

Plasma membranes, use ATP, have genetic information in DNA

Question 3

What coenzyme is used to transfer energy inside the cell

Answer 3

ATP

Question 4

WHat are systems of classification

Answer 4

Dynamic theories developed to express the views about the history of organisms

Question 5

What is taxonomy

Answer 5

The search for the natural order and the fundamental science of history

Question 6

Taxonomy is

Answer 6

Science of classification of living objects, common reference source, university language, dynamic area of science

Question 7

How did Aristotle created the classification

Answer 7

By structural complexity, behavior, and degree of development at birth

Question 8

Can DNA sequences be used as genetic yardsticks to determine species

Answer 8

No, 90% is species but 89.9% is not, to diffificut of a cutoff

Question 9

What is a species

Answer 9

A population that can breed and produce fertile offsprings

Question 10

What three things did Carl Linnaeus create

Answer 10

Modern classification, the two kingdom separation (vegetabilia and animalia) and binomial nomenclature

Question 11

What are the three domain classification system

Answer 11

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryota

Question 12

What are the 4 things in bacterial nomenclature

Answer 12

1. Descriptive
2. Scientists name
3. Geographic places
4. Organization

Question 13

Who introduced the current classifications

Answer 13

Carl Woese

Question 14

How was the current classifications determined

Answer 14

Based on the structure of ribosomes and DNA coding for ribosomal genes

Question 15

What ribosomal RNA is used for classification

Answer 15

16s and 18s

Question 16

Why 16s and 18s ribosomal DNA

Answer 16

They care very conserved (3% diff), can infer phylogenetic differences between related and non related

Question 17

How do we learn about relationships between living objects

Answer 17

Fossil records, comparative homologies, comparative sequencing of genetic material

Question 18

What means similarity of anatomy and physiology

Answer 18

Comparative homologies

Question 19

Archaea

Answer 19

Lack peptidoglycan, binary fission, live in extreme environments, a pathogenic one has no been identified

Question 20

Types of Archaea

Answer 20

Methanogens, extreme halophiles, extreme thermophiles

Question 21

Eubacteria

Answer 21

Unicellular, ubiquitous, have peptidoglycan in cell walls, binary fission

Question 22

Eukaryota

Answer 22

Protists, fungi, helminths, algae, slime & water molds, animals, plants

Question 23

Examples of helminths

Answer 23

Nematodes, cestodes, trematodes

Question 24

7 ways to identify bacteria

Answer 24

1. Culture and analysis
2. Biochemical tests (ELISA/API)
3. Serology
4. Phage type
5. Fatty acid profiles
6. Nuclei acid base testing
7. Mass spectrometry

Question 25

What is the gold standard for identify bacteria

Answer 25

Culture and PCR

Question 26

Classifications of parasites

Answer 26

1. Protozoan 2. Metazoan

Question 27

Protozoan

Answer 27

Single cell

Question 28

Metazoan

Answer 28

More complex multicellular

Question 29

5 ways to identify parasites

Answer 29

1. Morphology 2. Molecular techniques (dna sequencing) 3. Host specificity 4. Geographical location 5. Tissue tropism

Question 30

Tropism

Answer 30

Where they are found