Flashcards in Immunology Deck (96)
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1
What are the 3 parts of the traditional innate immune system?
1) Barrier and chemical mechanisms - complement system
2) PRR - pattern recognition receptors
3) Cellular component
2
What are the 5 major components of the innate immune system?
1) Pattern recognition receptors
2) Antimicrobial peptides
3) Cells
4) Complement components
5) Cytokines
3
What are the 2 parts to the adaptive immune system?
1) Humoral - Ab
2) Cellular - B and T lymphocytes
4
What are the 5 PRRs?
1) Toll-like receptors
2) NOD-like receptors
3) Rigl-like receptors
4) C-type lectins
5) Scavenger receptors
5
What are the 8 types of cell of the innate immune system?
1) Macrohpages
2) Dendritic cells
3) NK cells
4) Neutrophils
5) Eosinophils
6) Mast cells
7) Basophils
8) Epithelial cells
6
What is meant by pattern recognition receptors?
Its an inclusive term for antigen recognition receptors in the innate immune system
7
What are 2 things that PRRs commonly recognise?
Pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)
Danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)
8
Is there diversity of type in PRRs?
Yes, but each immune cell carries identical receptor of a given type
9
What are the 2 broad groups of PRRs?
1) Cell surface (transmembrane) and intracellular receptors - TLRs, NLRs, RLRs, CLRs
2) Fluid-phase soluble molecules
10
Which 2 PRRs recognise LPS?
TLR4
CD14
11
Which 2 PRRs recognise Triacylated lipopeptides?
1) TLR 1
2) TLR 2
12
Which 2 PRRs recognise diacylated lipopetides?
1) TLR 2
2) TLR 6
13
Which PRR recognises flagellin?
TLR 5
14
Which cytokine is the first produced in response to infection?
IL1
15
Which intracellular PRR recognises single stranded DNA released by viruses when they begin to multiply in a cell?
TLR 9
16
What is the name of the fluid phase recognition molecules?
Collectins
17
Give 2 examples of collectins (fluid phase recognition molecules)?
1) Mannan-binding lectin
2) Surfactant protein A&D
18
What do collectins recognise?
Microbial complex carbohydrates
19
How do collectins bind to their substrate?
Bind via carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs)
20
What 2 roles do collectins have once they've bound to their substrate?
1) Neutralisation of a pathogen
2) Recruitment of adaptive response
21
What do PRRs do once they have bound to their substrate?
Starts a cascade and cytokines are released to signal to the adaptive immune and innate immune system
22
IL1 is a cytokine released from what cells (3) and what are its 3 targets and thus effects?
Released from
macrophages, endothelia and epithelia
Effects
Endothelia - increased coagulation and inflammation
Hepatocytes - leads to increased acute phase proteins
Hypothalamus - increased fever
23
TNF is released from what cells 2, has what targets and thus what effects 4?
Released from
Macrophages and T lymphocytes
Targets and effects
Endothelia - increased coagulation and inflammation
Hepatocytes - increased acute phase proteins
Neutrophils - increased activation
Hypothalamus- increased fever
24
IL6 is released from what cells 3, has what targets and what effects 2?
Released from
Macrophages and T lymphocytes and endothelia
Targets and effects
Hepatocytes - increased acute phase proteins
B lymphocytes - increased proliferation
25
IL23 is released from what cells 2, has what targets and thus what effects 1?
Released from
macrophages, dendritic cells
Targets and effects
T lymphocytes - increased production IL17
26
What is the major role of macrophages in innate immunity? 4
1) Phagocytose and kill bacteria
2) Produce antimicrobial peptides
3) Bind LPS
4) Produce inflammatory cytokines
27
What is the major role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells in innate immunity? 1
1) Produce large amounts of interferon which has antitumour and antiviral activity
28
What is the major role of myeloid dendritic cells in innate immunity? 1
1) Strong producers of IL 12 and IL 10
29
Where are plasmacytoid dendritic cells found in the body? 2
T cell zones of lymphoid organs
Circulate in the blood
30
