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Year 2 EMS MoD > Tumour classification > Flashcards

Tumour classification Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of surface epithelia?

A

Protection

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2
Q

What is the role of glandular epithelia?

A

Secretion (glands and ducts)

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3
Q

What is the name for a benign tumour of surface (non glandular/non secretory) epithelium?

A

Papilloma

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4
Q

What is the name for a benign tumour of glandular (secretory) epithelium?

A

Adenoma

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5
Q

Benign tumours of surface epithelium are further identified by what?

A

Name of cell type of origin eg. squamous cell

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6
Q

Benign tumours of glandular/secretory epithelium are further identified by what?

A

Name of glandular tissue of origin

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7
Q

What would a benign tumour of squamous surface epithelium be called?

A

Squamous cell papilloma

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8
Q

What would a benign tumour of ductal epithelium of the pancreas be called?

A

Pancreatic cystadenoma

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9
Q

What are the 4 exceptions to the nomenclature rules for benign epithelial tumours?

A

1) Melanoma
2) Lymphoma
3) Seminoma
4) Mesothelioma

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10
Q

What are malignant epithelial tumours called?

A

Carcinomas

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11
Q

How are malignant tumours of surface epithelium named?

A

Prefixing carcinoma with the cell of origin eg. squamous cell carcinoma

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12
Q

How are malignant epithelial tumours derived from glandular/ductal epithelium named?

A

Prefixing adenocarcinoma with the epithelium source eg. pancreatic adenocarcinoma

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13
Q

What is important to note when naming epithelial malignant tumours?

A

Reference is often made to the degree of differentiation in epithelial malignant tumours eg. moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma

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14
Q

What would a benign epithelial tumour of stratified squamous epithelium be called?

A

Squamous cell papilloma

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15
Q

What would a benign epithelial tumour of basal cells of the skin be called?

A

Basal cell papilloma

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16
Q

What would a benign epithelial tumour of transitional epithelium of the bladder be called?

A

Transitional cell papilloma

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17
Q

What would a benign epithelial tumour of the glandular epithelium of the liver be called?

A

Liver cell adenoma

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18
Q

What would a benign epithelial tumour of the glandular epithelium of the thyroid be called?

A

Follicular adenoma (as talking about thyroid follicles)

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19
Q

What would a malignant epithelial tumour of stratified squamous epithelium be called?

A

squamous cell carcinoma

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20
Q

What would a malignant epithelial tumour of basal cells of the skin be called?

A

basal cell carcinoma

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21
Q

What would a malignant epithelial tumour of transitional epithelium of the bladder be called?

A

Transitional cell carcinoma

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22
Q

What would a malignant epithelial tumour of the glandular epithelium of the colon be called?

A

colonic adenocarcinoma

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23
Q

What would a malignant epithelial tumour of the glandular epithelium of the breast be called?

A

breast adenocarcinoma

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24
Q

How are mesenchymal tumours named?

A

Tissue or cell of origin followed by -OMA

25
Q

What would a benign tumour of bone be called?

A

Osteoma

26
Q

What would a benign tumour of adipose tissue be called?

A

Lipoma

27
Q

What would a benign tumour of smooth muscle be called?

A

Leiomyoma

28
Q

What would a benign tumour of skeletal muscle be called?

A

Rhabdomyoma

29
Q

What would a benign tumour of a blood vessel be called?

A

Angioma / Haemangioma

30
Q

What would a benign tumour of cartilage be called?

A

Chondroma

31
Q

What would a benign tumour of fibrous tissue be called?

A

Fibroma

32
Q

How are malignant mesenchymal tissues named?

A

Cell or tissue of origin followed by SARCOMA

33
Q

What would a malignant tumour of bone be called?

A

osteosarcoma

34
Q

What would a malignant tumour of skeletal muscle be called?

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma

35
Q

What would a malignant tumour of smooth muscle be called?

A

Leiomyosarcoma

36
Q

What would a malignant tumour of blood vessels be called?

A

Angiosarcoma

37
Q

What would a malignant tumour of cartilage be called?

A

Chondrosarcoma

38
Q

What would a malignant tumour of adipose tissue be called?

A

Liposarcoma

39
Q

What would a malignant tumour of fibrous tissue be called?

A

Fibrosarcoma

40
Q

What is a benign tumour of melanocytes called?

A

Melanocytic Nevus

41
Q

What is a malignant tumour of melanocytes called?

A

Melanoma

42
Q

What are the possible names for a malignant tumour of blood cells? 3

A

Leukaemia
Lymphoma
Myeloma

43
Q

What is a tumour of the meninges called?

A

Meningioma

44
Q

What is a tumour of astrocytes called?

A

Astrocytoma (Glioblastoma multiforme is from a type of astrocyte)

45
Q

Name 5 types of CNS tumours?

A

1) Meningioma
2) Astrocytoma
3) Oligoendroglioma
4) Ependymoma
5) Medulloblastoma

46
Q

How are CNS tumours graded?

A

WHO grading I to IV

47
Q

Germ cell tumours are common in what organs?

A

Gonads

48
Q

What are seminomatous tumours called?

A

Seminoma

49
Q

What is a teratoma?

A

A non-seminomatous germ cell tumour

teeth/hair/muscle/neural/cartilage

50
Q

Who do embryonal tumours occur in?

A

Occurs in very young,

51
Q

Name 4 kind of embryonal tumours?

A

1) Retinoblastoma
2) Nephroblastoma (Wilms)
3) Neuroblastoma
4) Hepatoblastoma

52
Q

What are embryonal tumours?

A

Tumours with histological resemblance to embryonic cells of that organ

53
Q

Is a pleomorphic salivary adenoma benign or malignant?

A

Benign

54
Q

What is a carcinosarcoma?

A

Malignant tumour with carcinomatous and sarcomatous components

55
Q

Name 4 malignant tumours with benign names?

A

1) Melanoma
2) Mesothelioma
3) Myeloma
4) Lymphoma

56
Q

What is a hamartoma?

A

non-neoplastic overgrowth of normal tissue which is indigenous to the sight of origin (different to choristoma!)
A tumour like lesion which exhibits uncoordinated growth, usually benign and consist of atleast 2 mature cell types normally found in the tissue of the organ in which the lesion lies eg. lung harmatoma contains cartilage and bronchial epithelium

57
Q

What are harmatomas associated with?

A

Developmental abnormalities

58
Q

What is a choristoma?

A

Nodules of non-neoplastic organ parenchyma in another organ eg. normal (non neoplastic) pancreas nodule in stomach

59
Q

Why are harmatomas clinically relevant?

A

They can be mistaken for neoplasms on imaging and can be associated with genetic syndromes eg. tuberous sclerosis

Year 2 EMS MoD (16 decks)

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