What is the role of surface epithelia?
Protection
What is the role of glandular epithelia?
Secretion (glands and ducts)
What is the name for a benign tumour of surface (non glandular/non secretory) epithelium?
Papilloma
What is the name for a benign tumour of glandular (secretory) epithelium?
Adenoma
Benign tumours of surface epithelium are further identified by what?
Name of cell type of origin eg. squamous cell
Benign tumours of glandular/secretory epithelium are further identified by what?
Name of glandular tissue of origin
What would a benign tumour of squamous surface epithelium be called?
Squamous cell papilloma
What would a benign tumour of ductal epithelium of the pancreas be called?
Pancreatic cystadenoma
What are the 4 exceptions to the nomenclature rules for benign epithelial tumours?
1) Melanoma
2) Lymphoma
3) Seminoma
4) Mesothelioma
What are malignant epithelial tumours called?
Carcinomas
How are malignant tumours of surface epithelium named?
Prefixing carcinoma with the cell of origin eg. squamous cell carcinoma
How are malignant epithelial tumours derived from glandular/ductal epithelium named?
Prefixing adenocarcinoma with the epithelium source eg. pancreatic adenocarcinoma
What is important to note when naming epithelial malignant tumours?
Reference is often made to the degree of differentiation in epithelial malignant tumours eg. moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma
What would a benign epithelial tumour of stratified squamous epithelium be called?
Squamous cell papilloma
What would a benign epithelial tumour of basal cells of the skin be called?
Basal cell papilloma
What would a benign epithelial tumour of transitional epithelium of the bladder be called?
Transitional cell papilloma
What would a benign epithelial tumour of the glandular epithelium of the liver be called?
Liver cell adenoma
What would a benign epithelial tumour of the glandular epithelium of the thyroid be called?
Follicular adenoma (as talking about thyroid follicles)
What would a malignant epithelial tumour of stratified squamous epithelium be called?
squamous cell carcinoma
What would a malignant epithelial tumour of basal cells of the skin be called?
basal cell carcinoma
What would a malignant epithelial tumour of transitional epithelium of the bladder be called?
Transitional cell carcinoma
What would a malignant epithelial tumour of the glandular epithelium of the colon be called?
colonic adenocarcinoma
What would a malignant epithelial tumour of the glandular epithelium of the breast be called?
breast adenocarcinoma
How are mesenchymal tumours named?
Tissue or cell of origin followed by -OMA
What would a benign tumour of bone be called?
Osteoma
What would a benign tumour of adipose tissue be called?
Lipoma
What would a benign tumour of smooth muscle be called?
Leiomyoma
What would a benign tumour of skeletal muscle be called?
Rhabdomyoma
What would a benign tumour of a blood vessel be called?
Angioma / Haemangioma
What would a benign tumour of cartilage be called?
Chondroma
What would a benign tumour of fibrous tissue be called?
Fibroma
How are malignant mesenchymal tissues named?
Cell or tissue of origin followed by SARCOMA
What would a malignant tumour of bone be called?
osteosarcoma
What would a malignant tumour of skeletal muscle be called?
Rhabdomyosarcoma
What would a malignant tumour of smooth muscle be called?
Leiomyosarcoma
What would a malignant tumour of blood vessels be called?
Angiosarcoma
What would a malignant tumour of cartilage be called?
Chondrosarcoma
What would a malignant tumour of adipose tissue be called?
Liposarcoma
What would a malignant tumour of fibrous tissue be called?
Fibrosarcoma
What is a benign tumour of melanocytes called?
Melanocytic Nevus
What is a malignant tumour of melanocytes called?
Melanoma
What are the possible names for a malignant tumour of blood cells? 3
Leukaemia
Lymphoma
Myeloma
What is a tumour of the meninges called?
Meningioma
What is a tumour of astrocytes called?
Astrocytoma (Glioblastoma multiforme is from a type of astrocyte)
Name 5 types of CNS tumours?
1) Meningioma
2) Astrocytoma
3) Oligoendroglioma
4) Ependymoma
5) Medulloblastoma
How are CNS tumours graded?
WHO grading I to IV
Germ cell tumours are common in what organs?
Gonads
What are seminomatous tumours called?
Seminoma
What is a teratoma?
A non-seminomatous germ cell tumour
teeth/hair/muscle/neural/cartilage
Who do embryonal tumours occur in?
Occurs in very young,
Name 4 kind of embryonal tumours?
1) Retinoblastoma
2) Nephroblastoma (Wilms)
3) Neuroblastoma
4) Hepatoblastoma
What are embryonal tumours?
Tumours with histological resemblance to embryonic cells of that organ
Is a pleomorphic salivary adenoma benign or malignant?
Benign
What is a carcinosarcoma?
Malignant tumour with carcinomatous and sarcomatous components
Name 4 malignant tumours with benign names?
1) Melanoma
2) Mesothelioma
3) Myeloma
4) Lymphoma
What is a hamartoma?
non-neoplastic overgrowth of normal tissue which is indigenous to the sight of origin (different to choristoma!)
A tumour like lesion which exhibits uncoordinated growth, usually benign and consist of atleast 2 mature cell types normally found in the tissue of the organ in which the lesion lies eg. lung harmatoma contains cartilage and bronchial epithelium
What are harmatomas associated with?
Developmental abnormalities
What is a choristoma?
Nodules of non-neoplastic organ parenchyma in another organ eg. normal (non neoplastic) pancreas nodule in stomach
Why are harmatomas clinically relevant?
They can be mistaken for neoplasms on imaging and can be associated with genetic syndromes eg. tuberous sclerosis
