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Immunopathology Week 12 - Immunodeficiency Flashcards

(9 cards)

1
Q
A
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2
Q

What is an immunodeficiency?

A

It is a condition in which the immune system’s ability to fight infections and diseases is weakened or absent.

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3
Q

What is a primary (Congenital) immunodeficiency disorder?

A

Genetic or developmental defects affecting immune function.

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4
Q

List some types of primary immunodeficiencies.

A
  • B-cell (antibody) deficiencies – Bruton’s disease, Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)
  • T-cell deficiencies – e.g., DiGeorge Syndrome
  • Combined B-cell and T-cell deficiencies – e.g., Severe Combined
    Immunodeficiency (SCID)
  • Phagocytic defects – e.g., Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD)
  • Complement deficiencies – e.g., C3 deficiency, hereditary
    angioedema.
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5
Q

What is a Secondary (Acquired) Immunodeficiency?

A

Immunodeficiency caused by external factors (infections, diseases, medications).

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6
Q

What are some common causes of secondary immunodeficiency?

A
  • Infections – e.g., HIV/AIDS (CD4+ T-cell depletion)
  • Malnutrition - Protein-energy malnutrition affecting immune function
  • Medical treatments – Immunosuppressive drugs, chemotherapy,
    radiation therapy
  • Metabolic diseases – Diabetes mellitus
  • Cancer – Leukemia, lymphoma affecting immune cells
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7
Q

How can AIDS be transmitted?

A
  • Sexual contact
  • Parenteral
  • blood + derivates, drug abusers sharing needles
  • Mother-to-infant
  • transplacental, intrapartum, breast-feeding
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8
Q

Who are the risk groups of contracting AIDS?

A
  1. Homosexual males (60%)
  2. Intravenous drug abusers (24%)
  3. Hemophiliacs (1%)
  4. Oher blood recipients (2%)
  5. Heterosexual partners of other high-risk groups members
  6. Children of parents from groups 1.-3.
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9
Q

What are signs and symptoms of AIDS?

A
  • Severe immunosuppression
  • Opportunistic infections
  • Secondary tumors
  • Neurologic symptoms
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