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RUVM Pharmacology > Immunosupressive & Chemo > Flashcards

Immunosupressive & Chemo Flashcards

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1
Q

Immunosuppressive drugs goal

A

Immunosuppressive drugs goal

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2
Q

Glucocorticoid Immunosupressive drug

A

Prednisone

Prednisolone

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3
Q

Prednisone / Prednosolone Immunosupressive dose?

A

2-4 mg/kg/day

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4
Q

Prednisone / Prednisolone

A

Admin “high dose” immunosupressive dose (2-4)

Pu/PD/PP

Taper

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5
Q

Antimetabolities MOA

A

Impair nucelic acid synthesisi via blocking signaling and proliferation of T & B cells

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6
Q

Azathioprine

A

Antimetabolite immunosupressive
“sparing effect” concurrent with prednisone
> 2 weeks for max immunosupress
Contraindicated in cats –> hepatotoxic

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7
Q

Mycophenolate mofetil

A

Antimetabolite immunosupressive

Refractory auto immune dz tx –> adjunct GC

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8
Q

Leflunomide

A

Antimetabolite immunosupressive
Refractory cases where GC not tolerated or contraindicated
DM / Cishings

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9
Q

Types of Immunosupressive Drugs

A

Antimetabolite
Glucocrticoids
T cell inhibitors
Alkylating Agents

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10
Q

T cell inhibitor immunosupressive drugs

A

Cyclosporine

Tacrolimuns

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11
Q

T cell Inhibitor Immunosupressive MOA

A

Block T cell activation
Reduce clonal proliferation
Reduce cytokine production

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12
Q

Cyclosporine

A

T cell Inhibitor Immunosupressive drug
DOC: canine atopic dermatitis
Ophthalmic formation for Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye)

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13
Q

DOC for canine atopic dermatitis

A

Cyclosporine

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14
Q

Tx for keratoconjunctivitis sicca

A

cyclosporine

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15
Q

What does cyclosporine inhibit

A

inhibits calcineurin

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16
Q

Tacrolimus

A

I cell inhibitory Immunosupressive drug

Tx: anal furunculosis & perianal fistules

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17
Q

Tx anal furunculosis

A

Tacrolimus (T cell inhibitory Immunosupressive drug)

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18
Q

Tx perianal fistules

A

Tacrolimus (T cell inhibitory Immunosupressive drug)

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19
Q

alkylating Agents MOA

A

Immunosupressive drug
supress cell mediated & humoral immunity
prevent DNA seperation
Inhibit G2 phase mitosis

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20
Q

Alkylating Agents?

A

Cyclephosphamide

Chlorambucil

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21
Q

Cyclophosphamide

A

Alkylating Agent Immunosupressive drug
Cytotoxic agent (against rapidly dividing cells)
Hemotherapy protocol
Caution: hemorrhagic cysytits

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22
Q

What is used for chemotherapy protocol

A

Cyclophosphamide

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23
Q

Adverse affects of cyclophosphamide?

A

Hemorrhagic cystitis

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24
Q

Chlorambucil

A

Alkylating Agent Immunosupressive drug
Tx cats with immune mediated disease –> IDB
Less toxic than cyclophosphamide

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25
What species is Chlorambucil most effective?
cats
26
Tx immune mediated disease --> IDB in cats
Chlorambucil
27
Types of Autocoids?
Antihistamines --> Type 1 H antagonist Janus Kinase inhibitors Serotonin antagonist reuptake inhibitor Leukotriene inhibitor
28
Antihistamine Autocoids function?
``` Prevent actions of histamine bronchodilation vasoconstriction inhibit puritis Competitive H1 Receptro Antagonist ```
29
Diphenhydramine
First Gen Antihistamine autocoid (Type H1 receptor antagonist) DOC: allergic reactions (type 1 HS) Sedation
30
1 gen antihistamine autocoid side effect?
sedation
31
Hydroxyzine
First Gen Antihistamine autocoid (Type H1 receptor antagonist) Adjunct allergy management --> take prior to histmaine CS
32
2 Gen antihistamine side effects
NOT SEDATION
33
Loratadine
2nd Gen Antihistamine autocoid (Type H1 receptor antagonist) non sedation Warning: human fexofenadine oral suspension contraindicatied
34
Precaution with Loratatine
Warning: human fexofenadine oral suspension contraindicatied
35
Janus Kinase Inhibitor Autocoid MOA
Inhibitor of JAK1 & JAK3 Inhibit pro-inflam cytokines Inhibit IL-31
36
Oclacitinib
Janus Kinase Inhibitor Autocoid Inhibit JAK1, JAK3, Pro-inflam cytokines, IL-31 TOC: allergic dermatopathy dogs
37
TOC: Allergic dermatopathy
Oclacitinib | Janus Kinase Inhibitor Autocoid
38
Serotonin Antagonist Reuptake Inhibitor Autacoids MOA
Block 5-HT2A & alpha-1 adrengeric receptors | Increase serotonin in brain
39
Trazadone
Serotonin Antagonist Reuptake Inhibitor Autacoids MOA: Block 5-HT2A & alpha-1 adrengeric receptors TOC: behavior disorders & Post OP cage confinement
40
Drugs for cage confinement?
Trazadone | Serotonin Antagonist Reuptake Inhibitor Autacoids
41
TOC: behavior disorders ... seperation anxiety
Trazadone | Serotonin Antagonist Reuptake Inhibitor Autacoids
42
Leukotriene Inhibitor Autacoid MOA:
Leukotriene receptor antagonist
43
Zafirlukast
Leukotriene receptor antagonist Adjunct Feline Asthma Prevent bronchoconstriction
44
Drug for adjunct feline asthma tx
Zafirlukast | Leukotriene receptor antagonist
45
Emetic Drug action
vomit
46
Central Acting Emetic Drugs
Apomorphine | Xylazine
47
Apopmorphine
Centrally acting emetic agonist of central dopamine receptors DOC: emesis in dogs Caution: RR depression Naloxone: reverse toxicity but not emetic effect
48
Risk of apomorphine?
Respiratory Depression
49
Species for apomorphine effect
Dogs
50
Xylazine
Centrally acting emetic drug MOA: central alpha 2 angonist DOC: Emesis in cats Reversal sedation: Yohimbine
51
MOA of apomorphine
agonism of centrally located dopamine receptors
52
How to reverse apomorphrine
naxolone
53
how to reserve Xylazine?
Yohimbine
54
Species for Xylazine emesis
cats
55
Peripheral emetic drug?
3% Hydrogen Peroxide
56
3% hydrogen peroxide
peripheral acting emetic MOA: direct irration @ home emsis of dogs CONtraindication: cats --> hemorrhagic gastroenteritis
57
3% hydrogen peroxide & cats?
NOOO | CONtraindication: cats --> hemorrhagic gastroenteritis
58
What to use if dog needed emsis @ home
3% hydrogen peroxide
59
Appetite Stimulants
Mirtazapine Cyproheptadine Capromorelin
60
Which appetite stimulates MOA is block 5 HT2 & 5HT3 receptors --> inhibits satiety
Mirtazapine | Cyproheptadine
61
MOA of mirtazapine
block 5 HT2 & 5HT3 receptors --> inhibits satiety
62
MOA of cyproheptadine
block 5 HT2 & 5HT3 receptors --> inhibits satiety
63
Mirtazapine most effectively stimulates appetie in which species?
dogs
64
Cyproheptadine most effectively stimulates appetie in which species?
cats
65
side effect of cyproheptadine
Sedation | appetite stimulant
66
Miratazapine
appetite stimulate MOA: block 5 HT2 & 5HT3 receptors --> inhibits satiety Dogs > cats
67
Cyproheptadine
appetite stimulate MOA: block 5 HT2 & 5HT3 receptors --> inhibits satiety Cats > dogs SEDATION
68
Caprimorelin
appetite stimulant MOA: Ghrelin receptor agonist approved in dogs good safety in cats
69
Which appetite stimulant acts as a Ghrelin receptor agonist?
Capromorelin
70
List anti emetic drugs
Maropitant Citrate Ondansteron Dolasteron Metaclopramide
71
Maropitant citrate
neurokinin receptor antagonist antiemetic Blocks substance P TOC: acute vomiting dogs & cats Prevention of motion sickness dogs adjunct analgesic - inhibition of substance B Caution: GI obstriction
72
Maropitant citrate MOA
neurokinin receptor antagonist antiemetic | Blocks substance P
73
Ondansteron Dolasterone
Anti emetic MOA: central & peripheral Serotonine (5 HT3) antagonist Chemotherapy related nasua Caution: GI obstruction
74
What drug is used to tx chemotherpay nasua
Ondansteron Dolasterone
75
Metaclopramide
Anti emetic & prokinetic MOA: dopamine antagonist (blocks 5HT3 receptor) TX: regurgitation & ileus Antagonize apomorphrine induced emesis Caution: GI obstruction
76
How do you rever apomorphrine induced emesis
Metaclopramide | DUHHHHHH lol jk who would have thought
77
Tx for regurgitation & ileus?
Metaclopramide
78
Are any anti-emetic drugs prokinetics?
Yes! | Metaclopramide
79
List drugs that increase GI motility (small animal)
``` Metaclopramide Cisapride Ranitidine Erythomycin Lidocaine Neostigmine ```
80
Metaclopramide as GI motility
Dopamine antagonist Prokinetic weakly increases lower esophageal sphincter
81
Cisapride
Increases GI motility MOA: serotonin agonist Weak prokinetic
82
Ranitidine
Increases GI motility MOA: H2 blocker Prokinetic
83
Erythromycin
Increases GI motiltiy MOA: AB stimulates motilin Weak prokinetic
84
What does erythromycin stimulate
Motilin
85
Lidocaine
increases GI motility | Local anesthic
86
Neostigmine
cholinesterase inhibitor | Increases GI motility
87
How is Maropitant citrate an adjunct analgesic
inihibition of substance P
88
What drug is used to prevent motion sickness
Maropitant citrate
89
Most common anti emetic
Maropitant citrate
90
Maropitant citrate MOA
neurokinin receptor antagonist antiemetic | Blocks substance P
91
What is contraindaction with anti-emetic
GI OBSTRUCTION MY DUDE

RUVM Pharmacology (5 decks)

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