impact of physical activity on obesity, diabetes and cancer Flashcards
(77 cards)
1
Q
_____behaviors are the primary contributors to obesity
A
self-selected
2
Q
self sleeted behaviors that lead to obesity
A
poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, excessive alcohol, poor sleep, unmanaged stress
3
Q
high sugar/processed carbohydrates consumption causes
A
hyperglycemia and consequent hyperinsulinemia
4
Q
when excess insulin is present it
A
promotes sugar conversion in the liver and blocks lipid oxidation leading to weight gain over time
5
Q
fit-healthy body fat for males
A
<20%
6
Q
fit-healthy body fat for females
A
<26%
7
Q
stage 1 obesity in males
A
> 25%
8
Q
stage 1 obesity in females
A
> 32%
9
Q
stage 1 obesity in old age
A
> 38%
10
Q
stage 2 obesity males
A
> 30%
11
Q
stage 2 obesity females
A
> 40%
12
Q
stage 3 obesity males
A
> 35%
13
Q
stage 4 obesity females
A
> 45
14
Q
high risk obesity waist circumference males
A
> 40in waist
15
Q
high risk obesity waist circumference females
A
> 35 in waist
16
Q
high risk obesity BMI
A
> 30
17
Q
morbid obesity BMI
A
> 35
18
Q
4 things obesity is associated with
A
mental health issues, reduced quality of life and physical function, increased risk for sleep apnea, metabolic syndrome, osteoarthritis, autoimmune disorders, increased risk for all-cause death
19
Q
high visceral fat promotes
A
low grade systemic inflammation which leads to insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, atherosclerosis, hormonal/metabolic dysfunction
20
Q
hormones that regulate hunger
A
leptin
21
Q
hormones that communicate energy needs
A
adipokines
22
Q
______ can cause hunger without the need for calories and additional eating
A
dysfunction of hormones that regulate hunger and communicate energy needs
23
Q
visceral fat
A
fat that surrounds the internal organs in the abdominal region
24
Q
hyperinsulinemia
A
excess levels of circulating insulin
25
hyperinsulinemia indicates
progressive insulin resistance as a precursor to diabetes
26
hyperinsulinemia increases
fat storage
27
combination of aerobic/anaerobic exercise can positively impact obesity via
improved insulin sensitivity, heightened caloric expenditure for body fat losses
potential mediation of systemic inflammation and hormone disfunction
28
is physical activity enough for obesity
no
29
diabetes mellitus
chronic disease involving an inability to. properly manage blood glucose
30
type one diabetes mellitus
autoimmune disease characterized by pancreatic atrophy and dysfunction due to compromised beta cells which results in an inability to produce insulin; hereditary usually in early life
31
type 2 diabetes mellitus
progressive insulin insensitivity due to hyperinsulinemia, a reduction of insulin production, or both; caused by poor diet, obesity and sedentary lifestyle
32
gestational diabetes mellitus
glucose intolerance during pregnancy caused by metabolic disruption due to weight gain and hormonal changes that counteract function of insulin
33
pre diabetes:
fasting plasma glucose level:
test used:
100-125
impaired fasting glycemia
34
prediabetes:
2 hour plasma glucose level:
test used:
140-199
impaired glucose test
35
pre diabetes:
hemoglobin A1c test level:
5.7-6.4%
36
diabetes:
fasting plasma glucose level:
>126 on two separate occasions
37
diabetes:
2 hour plasma glucose level:
during which test:
>200
oral glucose tolerance test
38
diabetes:
hemoglobin A1c test level:
>6.5%
39
diabetes:
classic diabetes symptoms + random plasma glucose level
>200
40
the hemoglobin A1c test indicates
average level of blood sugar over the past 2-3 months
41
diabetes greatly increases the risk for
cardiovascular disease, premature mortality
42
when circulating glucose is unmanaged and remains elevated damages
blood vessels
43
5 diabetes risk factors
family history, obesity, poor diet, gestational diabetes, physical inactivity
44
common complications from diabetes
retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, cerebrovascular disease
45
retinopathy
small blood vessel disease of the eyes that can result in impaired vision or blindness
46
what exercises should be avoided with retinopathy
jumping and comprehensive exercises, as well as those that jar the head to lower it below the waist should be avoided
47
nephropathy
small blood vessel disease of the kidneys
48
what exercises should be avoided with nephropathy
heavy weightlifting, holding ones breath; proper hydration is crucial
49
neuropathy
impacts peripheral nerve tissue which results in weakness, numbness, and or pain
50
what exercise should be avoided with neuropathy
repetitive impact to the hands or feet, proper footwear should be worn
51
both aerobic and resistance training help improve T2DM via
improved insulin sensitivity, enhanced blood glucose tolerance, reduced body fat, improved overall metabolic efficiency
52
second leading cause of death in the US
cancer
53
90-95% of cancers are estimated to be related to
lifestyle and environment
54
cancer
abnormal growth of cells that multiply immeasurably, periodically spreading to other tissues
55
correlating factors of cancer include
smoking, alcohol, diet, environment, radiation, sun exposure, stress, physical inactivity, sexually transmitted disease, obesity
56
there is a strong link between physical activity and a decreased risk of these 3 cancers
postmenopausal breast, colorectal, endometrial
57
there is a strong link between body fatness and an increased risk of these 7 cancers
gallbladder, kidney, colorectal, esophageal, postmenopausal breast, pancreatic, endometrial
58
___% cancer deaths related to tobacco
20-25
59
___% cancer deaths related to diet
30-35
60
___% cancer deaths related to infections
15-20
61
___% cancer deaths related to physical inactivity, radiation, stress, environment
15-30
62
appropriate aerobic and anaerobic exercise for those with cancer can improve
quality of life, chronic fatigue, support immune/metabolic function
63
exercise can positively impact obese individuals through
a. Reduced water retention
b. Increased insulin insensitivity
c. Mediation of systemic inflammation
d. All of the above
c
64
obesity is associated with which of the following issues
a. sleep apnea
b. increased risk for premature death
c. metabolic syndrome
d. all of the above
d
65
Obesity is known to increase the risk for which of the following types of cancer?
a. Lung
b. Brain
c. Skin
d. Breast
d
66
diabetes is diagnosed with a fasting blood glucose level of
a. >100
b. >115
c. >126
d. >140
c
67
Diabetics are at a higher risk for which of the following?
a. Blindness
b. Heart disease
c. Kidney failure
d. All of the above
d
68
Which of the following activities would present the greatest risk for a diabetic client suffering from retinopathy or nephropathy?
a. Leg press at 80% 1RM
b. Bicep curls at 70% 1RM
c. 200m intervals in a pool
d. Steady-state cycling at 65% of VO2max
a
69
____ is associated with insulin insensitivity and is often caused by a combination of poor dietary behaviors, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle.
type 2 diabetes
70
High ____ fat storage can promote low-grade, systemic inflammation which leads to insulin resistance and hormonal dysfunction.
visceral
71
If working with a client who suffers from diabetic___, exercises which cause repetitive impact to the hands and feet should be avoided.
neuropathy
72
True or False? Obesity increases one’s risk for heart disease
true
73
True or False? Stage 1 obesity is classified as ≥30% body fat for adult males and ≥35% body fat for adult females
false
74
True or False? An estimated 90-95% of cancer cases are related to lifestyle and environmental factors.
true
75
Identify at least three lifestyle behaviors potentially associated with obesity
ppor diet
sedentary behavior
excessive alcohol
poor sleeping
unmanaged stress
76
identify at least three risk factors for diabetes
family history
obesity
poor diet
pregnancy
physical inactivity
77
identify at least three lifestyle or environmental factors potentially associated with cancer
smoking
alcohol
diet (processed/fried food, red meat)
environmental pollutants
radiation
sun exposure
stress
physical inactivity
STD
obesity
