Impact of Sex on Healthcare Research Flashcards
(17 cards)
Differences in disease prevalence/guideline-driven treatment rates between men and women
- Women are more likely to have stroke and autoimmune conditions
- Less likely to get prompt, guideline-driven treatment for CKD, heart failure and MI
How does OSA present differently between men and women? How does their experience/treatment differ?
- Women are less likely to report snoring, and have shorter apnoeic episodes (mroe clustered during REM)
- They’re more likely than men to report daytime fatigue, nightmares, mood disturbances and morning headaches
Can AHI be used to diagnose OHA in women?
- Less appropriate
- Women have shorter apnoeas, more concentrated in REM; different presentation makes AHI less likely
What are lower Urinary Tract symptoms more commonly associated with in men vs women? Why might it pay to consider common causes?
- In men, often attributed to BPH/prostatitis. In women, often attributed to chronic cystitis
- Common causes can be things like obesity, ANS dysfunction, and metabolic syndrome, all of which can have common risk factors for more serious causes; need to consider
How did men vs women respond to COVID? Why is this thought to have occurred?
- Men more commonly in ICU/died
- Thought to be due to higher prevalence of obesity and poorer glycaemic control/higher rates of T2DM
What % of men with depression are undiagnosed?
60% (!over half)
True or false: men are more likely to leave the workforce early due to poor health/injury
True.
What % of men will be diagnosed with a mental health disorder in their lifetime? What % will be diagnosed in any given 12 month period? What one factor has been shown to dramatically improve outcomes in this department?
- 25% of men will be diagnosed at some point in life
- 15% of men will be diagnosed over a 12mth period
- Social connection has been shown to result in significantly improved mental health outcomes (incl. less suicide)
How does MBS/PBS resource usage differ between men with no depression, undiagnosed depression, and diagnosed depression?
- No depression uses the lowest
- Diagnosed depression uses more (esp. PBS)
- Undiagnosed depression uses the most (!!!)
How does having a chronic condition influence someone’s health service usage? What about adding in depression/anxiety?
- Chronic condition, unsurprisingly increases usage rates
- Unfortunately, having depression/anxiety compounds on top of this
As a principle, how does depression present differently in men? What are some specific examples?
- Tends to present with more externalising symptoms vs internalising
- Can look like anger, aggression, substance abuse, risk taking behaviour
How does men’s vs women’s shopping habits correlate with GP presentations?
- Women tend to like shopping. Men tend to like buying.
- If men don’t know what’s wrong, they won’t rock up until something is seriously wrong. Therefore, more regular checkups and health crises, but fewer “just in case”s
How do men conceptualise their health differently to women?
More interested in:
- Role efficacy (sexual partner, father, provider)
- Independence (don’t tell me what to do)
What factors influence a man’s decision to/to not take action with regards to seeking medical advice/help?
- Previous illness experience (car rattle analogy)
- Health literacy
- Percieved severity of problem
- Logistics (parking, are all the doctors women?)
- Relative priorities (provide for family > health)
- Immediacy (if I want to do it, I’ll do it now)
What are some useful ways to engage with men in healthcare?
- Don’t seem rushed
- Be frank and direct; get to the point
- Use jokes where appropriate
- Priorities speed wherever possible
Broad strategies to optimise interaction with health care services with men
- Masculinise environment
- Improve men’s health literacy
- Comparative metaphors (cars, boats, engines)
- Capitalise on influence in partners
Hyperefficient treatment algorithm to assess the health of a man
- Are you getting up more than once a night to pass urine?
- Any trouble with erections
- If yes to either: BMI, waist circumference, BP, HbA1c
- Also consider alcohol screen, depression screen, PSG, and cardiometabolic risk factors
