indiv dif wk 7. Personality Disorders

Question 1

what is the diff in personality disorders between DSM 4 and 5

Answer 1

DSM 4 sees oersonality disorders as almost untreatable.
It groups them as a non clinical psychological disorder.

DSM 5 groups it with clinical and also includes medical conditions and physical disorders

Question 2

what is a personality disorder

Answer 2

Enduring pattern of inner experience and behaviour that
- deviates from cultural expectations
- pervasive and inflexible
- cause distress or impairment
- not due to another disorder drugs etc

Question 3

Cluster A personality disorders

Answer 3

‘odd or ecentric disorders’ =
- paranoid
- schizoid
- shizotypical

Question 4

Cluster B personality disorders

Answer 4

dramatic, emotional or erratic disorders

• antisocial
• borderline
• Histrionic
• Narcissistic

Question 5

Cluster C personality type

Answer 5

anxious or fearful

• avoidant
• dependent
• Obsessive-Compulsive

Question 6

can co occurrence happen in PDs

Answer 6

yes, within and between disorders

Question 7

paranoid PD

Answer 7

paranoia, mistrust in others.

Question 8

schizoid PD

Answer 8

detachment from interpersonal relationships. Coldness. indiff to praise or criticism.
Solitary

Question 9

schizotypical PD

Answer 9

distortions of thinking, feeling and perceptions

Question 10

Antisocial PD

Answer 10

lack of empathy and remorse, disregard for others, failure to conform to norms.

impulsive, deceitful, irresponsible, disregard for others.

Question 11

Histrionic PD

Answer 11

Excessive need for approval, need for centre of attention.
Shallow, over dramatic emotions. sees relationships as more intimate than they are

Question 12

Narcissistic PD

Answer 12

inflated self importance and sense of entitlement. special compared to other people. Seek attention and admiration.
Fantasies of Success. Arrogance. Empathy.

Question 13

Borderline PD

Answer 13

Unstable personal relationships.
frantic attempts to avoid (real/imagined) abandonment.
- lack of sense of self
- frequent feelings of emptiness + worthlessness
- unstable feelings
- self damaging behaviour

Question 14

Avoidant PD

Answer 14

social inhibition, withdraw from social situation
- feel socially inept
- reluctant to engage in new things

Question 15

Dependant PD

Answer 15

persistent psychological dependence on others

lack confidence in ability to take responsibility

difficulty doing things alone.

Agree with others, seek new relationships

Question 16

Obsessive-compulsive PD

Answer 16

preoccupied with orderliness
perfectionism
overly conscientious

NOT OCD

Question 17

what does the big 5 Profile approach use to correlate with PDs

Answer 17

they take each facet of the personality and predict how they will appear in the PDs

Conceptually associated

Question 18

are the big 5 profiles used to diagnose PDs

Answer 18

no. indicate risk of PD.
May be useful for ruling out a PD, or characterise a known PD

Question 19

how did McCrae test valifity of big 5 profile approach

Answer 19

aimed to test the profile of facets predicted for each PD (e.g. dependant PD has high altruism facet of agreeableness etc…

1926 patients from psychiatric hospital.
- personality disorder intervirw
- PD questionaire
- NEO-PI-R personality big 5 score

calculated profile agreement

found significant but only moderate correlations

Question 20

what are limitations to DSM 4 classification of PDs

Answer 20

• extensive co-morbitity
• low temporal/inter assessor reliability (across time and clinicians)
• Not based on current empirical personality models

Question 21

Suggestions of McCrae for DSM 5 of PD

did they adopt this

Answer 21

Dimentional rather than categorical

4 step approach

1. assessment of personality
2. Assess personality related social/occupational impairments and distress
3. if this is clinically significant, then diagnosis should be made
4. could look at personality profile matches with PD descriptor

did not adopt this

Question 22

Emerging measures and models section of DSM 5

Answer 22

encourages clinicians to try out new models

involved assessing
Severity and Style.

severity = signif impairment in self or interpersonal functioning

Style = one or more pathological personality trait ‘maladaptive trait model’,

Question 23

which PDs were kept in DSM 5

Answer 23

kept these
- Borderline
- OC PD
- Avoidant
- schizotypal
- Narcissistic
- PD - trait specified (clinician describes)

Question 24

DID

Answer 24

dissociative personality disorder

two or more distinct personalities or identities

• Amnesia for prior or recent events
• Cause distress and/or functional impairment
• not due to substance abuse, culture, imaginative play

Question 25

Dissociative Disorders (DSM-5)

Answer 25

Dissociative Identity Disorder Dissociative Amnesia Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder Other Specified/Unspecified Dissociative Disorder

Question 26

Haslam (2007): what is Typically DID

Answer 26

Primary ‘host’ personality plus one or more alters. Alters take turns to control behaviour. Distinctive patterns of thinking and behaving. Different names, ages, genders etc. Memory loss for experiences as other alters