indiv diff 4- Measuring Personality Flashcards
(18 cards)
scale vs inventory
scale = one trait
inventory = multiple dimension
Response set biases
people’s tendency to respond in a particular way across a set of items
examples of response set biases and how to counter respond
Acquiescence bias = agree
Nay saying = disgree
- reduce both via negative scoring (but no double negatives)
Midpoint responding - middle
- respond by removing midpoint
SDB vs faking
how to control for these
social desirability response bias.
Faking is when there is a deceptive intent
control by including lie detector items
e.g. “I have never told a lie, I find dirty jokes amusing”
and control by adding all socially undesirable items
Measurement Error
Differences between a person’s true personality score and their test score. Includes random error (non-systematic) and systematic error (bias).
Behavioral Measures of Personality
Measures based on spontaneous behavior rather than self-report. Example: Steffans & Schulze König (2006) assessed personality traits using real-world tasks.
Implicit Personality Assessment
Measures automatic associations (e.g., Implicit Association Test). May correlate better with behavior than self-report scores.
Self-Other Knowledge Asymmetry (SOKA) Model
Self-ratings are more accurate for low-observability traits (e.g., neuroticism). Others’ ratings are better for high-evaluativeness traits (e.g., intellect).
Projective Tests
Participants interpret ambiguous stimuli (e.g., Rorschach test, Thematic Apperception Test). Less biased but difficult to score.
Apperceptive Personality Test
Participants make up a story about images, revealing personality traits
high cross loading means (in factor analysis)
item likely to be related to more than one factor
high factor loading means (factor analysis)
item strongly related to underlying factor
neuroticism 6 primary traits
- anxiety
- vulnerability
- angry hostility
- depression
- self-consciousness
- impulsiveness
Extraversion 6 primary traits
- warmth
- gregariousness
- Assertiveness
- activity
- positive emotions
- excitement seeking
Openness to experience 6 traits
- fantasy
- aesthetics
- Feelings
- actions
- ideas
- values
Agreeableness 6 traits
- Trust
- Altruism
- Straight-forwardness
- Compliance
- Modesty
- Tender-mindedness
Conscientiousness
- Competence
- order
- dutifulness
- self-discipline
- deliberation
- achievement striving
