Industrial revolution Flashcards
(22 cards)
What period does the Industrial Revolution cover?
From about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840
Also known as the First Industrial Revolution.
Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Britain?
Economic strength, geography and natural resources, population growth, political stability
Each of these factors contributed significantly to Britain’s industrial growth.
What was one economic factor that contributed to the Industrial Revolution in Britain?
Overseas exploration opened new markets
This led to a thriving economy based on money.
What role did financial institutions play in the Industrial Revolution?
They offered business loans that helped spur industrial growth
The Bank of England, established in 1694, was particularly influential.
How did geography contribute to the Industrial Revolution in Britain?
Fast-flowing rivers provided water power and transportation routes
Excellent natural harbors aided merchant ships.
What natural resources were abundant in England during the Industrial Revolution?
Coal and iron
Coal was crucial for energy, while iron was used to make machines and products.
How did population growth impact the Industrial Revolution?
Increased demand for goods and available labor
Health and living conditions improved due to the Agricultural Revolution.
What was a significant political factor that supported industrial growth in Britain?
Political stability
Britain’s industrial growth was not interrupted by war.
What geographic feature of Europe contributed to industrialization and capitalism?
Location on the Atlantic Ocean
This facilitated trade and access to resources.
What were the two types of coal mines before the Industrial Revolution?
Drift mines and bell pits
These were small scale and the coal was used locally.
How were miners typically paid before the Industrial Revolution?
According to how much coal they produced
This incentivized families to work together in coal mining.
What was the role of the hewer in coal mining?
To mine the coal from the coal seam
He used hand tools and worked in very confined spaces.
What was the role of the getter in coal mining?
To shovel coal into baskets or tubs
This work could also be done by the hewer.
What was the function of the thruster in coal mining?
To push the tubs of coal
Often done by girls, sometimes resulting in hair loss.
What did the hurrier do in coal mining?
Pulled the tubs or corves of coal to the pit-bottom
This often required crawling on hands and knees.
What was the role of the trappers in coal mining?
Opened and closed ventilation doors
They started working as young as five years old.
Fill in the blank: The _______ was a valuable source of energy to fuel machinery during the Industrial Revolution.
Coal
True or False: Children working in coal mines had the opportunity to attend school.
False
The long working hours prevented children from attending school.
What was one consequence of towns growing around coal mining areas?
Problems arose due to lack of planning
There was insufficient thought given to the needs of miners and their families.
What was a significant demographic change in Europe that contributed to industrialization?
Rapid population growth
This was linked to improved agricultural productivity.
What legal aspect supported the rise of capitalism in Europe?
Legal protection of private property
This encouraged investment and economic growth.
What were some of the benefits of England’s rivers during the Industrial Revolution?
Water power and inland transportation routes
Fast-flowing rivers were particularly advantageous.
