Infancy and Childhood Flashcards by Christine Casandra

age of newborns

0-2 months

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Up to 2 months of age requires ___________ calories per kilogram of body weight every 24 hours to provide an adequate amount of food for maintenance and growth.

110-120

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Necessary for the formation of new cells.

Protein

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Protein contains __________ which is necessary for growth, repair of damaged tissues, and making blood cells. .

histidine

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It helps protect nerve cells.

histidine

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It is used by the body to make histamine.

histidine

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Histadine supplements may help treat

eczema

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is necessary for growth and skin integrity. It is found in both human and commercial formulas.

Linoleic acid

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Lactose found in human milk improves _______________ and aids in _______________.

calcium absorption; nitrogen retention

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present in breast milk is used by the beneficial bacteria present in the infants’ digestive system. It plays an important role in pediatric nutrition and development.

NITROGEN

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allows protein to be used for building new cells. It encourages normal water balance and prevent abnormal metabolism of fat

Lactose

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A newborn needs ___________________ water intake every 24 hours.

150 to 200 mL/kg

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Plays a vital role in bone growth.

Calcium

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Prevents the occurrence of tetany.

Calcium

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is a calcium deficiency results to hypersensitivity, twitching, or a convulsion.

Tetany

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Tetany is a calcium deficiency results to hypersensitivity, twitching, or a convulsion. Diagnosis is made when the serum calcium is below ____. per 100 cc.

8 mg

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It is necessary to make hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in red blood cells to all parts of the body.

Iron

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Term infant with mothers who had good iron intake during pregnancy will be born with iron stores that can last for ______________

3 months.

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Essential for building teeth and preventing tooth decay

Fluoride

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Fluoride of ___________ supplement to be taken daily beginning __months of age.

0.25mg; 6

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Changes in composition to meet the specific needs of infants as they grow.

Breastmilk

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is the first milk produced after birth.

Colostrum

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True or False
Breastmilk changes color when the mother is sick.

True

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True or False
Breastmilk does not change its components when baby is sick

False

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True or False Breastmilk does not change during the day and night.

False

The milk you express at the beginning of a session has a thinner consistency, relatively high volume, and low fat. This is known as

foremilk

By the end of a breastfeeding session, the high-fat milk is thicker, richer, and creamier, called the ____________.

hindmilk

is a good source of essential fatty acids for infant.

Hindmilk

BREASTFEEDING

Best for babies Readily available Environmentally friendly Antibodies Safe Temperature perfect Financial saving Easily digestible Earlier passage of meconium Deaths reduced Immunity Nutrient-rich Growth

age of infants

2 months – 1 year

Breastmilk is the best food for infants up to ____________ months and is exclusive for ___________

12 to 24; 6 months.

The entire first year of life is one of extreme rapid growth, so a __________________ intake is needed.

high protein, high calorie

For infants, calorie allowances can be reduced during the year from a level of 120/kg of body weight at birth to approximately ________/kg of body weight at the end of the first year to prevent overweight.

100

Only recommended when breastfeeding is contraindicated

Bottle Feeding

Bottle Feeding is associated with i

nfantile obesity or protein calorie malnutrition

Combination of breast and bottle feeding

Mixed Feeding

when bottle is given to complete a single breastfeeding because of insufficiency of mother’s milk

Complemented Mixed Feeding

when bottle is used to replace one or more breastfeeding sessions.

Supplemental Mixed Feeding

Baby weighing 2.5 to 2.7 kg usually feeds every

3 hours

Baby weighing 3.6 to 4 kg usually feeds every

4 hours

Extrusion reflex is present at ________________.

4 to 6 months

It is when your baby pushes solid food out of their mouth using their tongue.

Extrusion reflex

what month can iron-fortified infant cereal mixed with breastmilk, orange juice or formula be introduced to the infant?

5-6 months

Vegetables

7 months

are good sources of vitamin A and adds new texture and flavors.

Vegetables

Fruits

8 months

are best sources of vitamin C and A. It also adds new texture and flavor to the diet.

Fruits

are good source of protein, iron and B vitamins.

Meat

9 months

are good source of iron

Egg yolk

10 months

By 1 year, an infant's stomach can hold no more approximately __________ (240mL). When they begin eating, infants take more than __ tablespoons at a time.

1 cup ; 2

- ____________ are introduced first - _______________ are offered second - _______ are offered a month after vegetables

Cereals; Vegetables; Fruit

The sucking reflex begins to diminish between ages _______ months

6 to 9

Common Disorders of Infants

Diarrhea Vomiting Allergy Constipation

Indications of Good Nutrition

Weight Gain Length Increases Normal behavioral Development Normal bowel movement Regular sleeping habits Average tooth formation Developing motor coordination Firm and well-formed muscles

Toddler age

1-3 years old

A _____________ appetite becomes smaller than the infants.

toddler’s

Allowing ____________ is a major way to strengthen independence in a toddler.

self feeding

Nutritious finger foods that toddlers enjoy include

pieces of chicken, slices of banana, pieces of cheese, and crackers.

Children ages 1 to 3 years old should consume ______ kcal daily

1300

Adequate _________________ intake is important for bone mineralization

calcium and phosphorus

Milk should be whole milk until age __ years

Preschool Age

3-5 years old

_____________, or learning how to do things, can be strengthened by allowing a child to prepare simple foods such as making a sandwich or spreading a jelly on a toast

Initiative

PRESCHOOL Feeding Problems

The child is eating too little The child is eating too much The child is dawdling during meal time. The child is gagging especially when fed coarse foods. The child has aversion towards food. The child has allergies.

PRESCHOOL Indications of Good Nutrition

Normal weight according to standard for age and sex Erect clinical posture Straight arms and legs Abdomen: In Chest : Out With no malformations of the skeleton Teeth are straight without crowding in well – shaped jaw Skin: smooth, slightly moist with a healthy glow Clear, bright with no signs of fatigue eyes Shiny hair Firm muscles Light pink color gums Moist lips Without lesions tongue

Schooler age

5 years to 17 years old

FEEDING PROBLEMS school age

Child receives inadequate meals Child has poor appetite The child has a sweet tooth.

Infancy and Childhood Flashcards

(69 cards)