Proteins (PPT)

Question 1

Organic compounds formed from chains of amino acids

Answer 1

Proteins

Question 2

Proteins are essential for almost every bodily function, beginning with the _______________________________________________________________________

Answer 2

genetic control of protein synthesis, cell function, and cell reproduction

Question 3

Organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Answer 3

Amino Acids

Question 4

Amino Acids are organic compounds made of

Answer 4

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Question 5

the distinguishable factor of protein from other nutrients

Answer 5

nitrogen

Question 6

Non-essential amino acids

Answer 6

glycine
alanine
serine
asparagine
cysteine
aspartic acid
glutamic acid
glutamine
tyrosine
proline

Question 7

Essential amino acids

Answer 7

threonine
leucine
arginine
histidine
methionine
isoleucine
phenylalanine
valine
lysine
tryptophan

Question 8

PROTEIN ACCORDING TO FOOD SOURCE

Answer 8

Complete protein
Incomplete protein

Question 9

Contains sufficient amounts of all essential amino acids.

Answer 9

Complete protein

Question 10

are examples of foods that contain complete proteins

Answer 10

Beef, fish, poultry, eggs, and milk

Question 11

High-biological-valueproteins

Answer 11

Complete protein

Question 12

lack one or more of the essential amino acids

Answer 12

Incomplete protein

Question 13

Incomplete protein lack one or more of the essential amino acids usually _________________________________________

Answer 13

lysine, methionine, and tryptophan.

Question 14

By properly mixing complementary proteins in the diet, such as ___________________________, one can produce a complete protein.

Answer 14

corn and beans

Question 16

Determined by the number, assortment, and sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chains

Answer 16

Primary

Question 17

sequence of a chain of amino acids

Answer 17

Primary

Question 18

Affects the shape of the chain of amino acids

Answer 18

Secondary

Question 19

May be straight, folded or coiled

Answer 19

Secondary

Question 20

hydrogen bonding of the peptide backbone causes the amino acids to folding into a repeating pattern

Answer 20

Secondary

Question 21

The polypeptide chain is so coiled that loops of the coil touch, forming a strong bond within the chain

Answer 21

Tertiary

Question 22

three-dimensional folding pattern of a protein due to side chain interactions

Answer 22

Tertiary

Question 23

Proteins containing more than one polypeptide chain

Answer 23

Quaternary

Question 24

protein consisting of more than one amino acid chain

Answer 24

Quaternary

Question 25

If the structure of a protein changes, the protein may not be able to perform its original function. The shape may be changed by _______________________________________________________________

Answer 25

heat, UV light, acids, alcohol, and mechanical action.

Question 26

If the structure of a protein changes, the protein may not be able to perform its original function.

Answer 26

Denaturation

Question 27

Mechanical digestion of proteins occur in the

Answer 27

mouth

Question 28

breaks proteincontaining food into smaller pieces

Answer 28

Mastication

Question 29

secreted by stomach mucosa. Becomes activated when it mixes with HCl =

Answer 29

Pepsinogen

Question 30

Pepsinogen is secreted by stomach mucosa. Becomes activated when it mixes with HCl =

Answer 30

Pepsin

Question 31

breaks the bonds linking the amino acids of the protein peptide bond

Answer 31

Protein hydrolysis

Question 32

Primary pancreatic enzyme

Answer 32

Trypsin

Question 33

Other pancreatic enzymes:

Answer 33

Chymotrypsin and carboxypeptidase

Question 34

Intestinal enzymes

Answer 34

Aminopeptidase and dipeptidase

Question 35

Most protein functions are a result of ______________________ in cells.

Answer 35

protein anabolism

Question 36

_______________ plays an important role in regulation of protein metabolism

Answer 36

Hormone

Question 37

During digestion, proteins are broken down into ___________________

Answer 37

amino acids

Question 38

Unlike carbohydrates and triglycerides, which are stored, proteins are _______ warehoused for future use.

Answer 38

not

Question 39

Excess dietary amino acids are not excreted in the urine or feces but instead are converted into___________________________ or _______________________.

Answer 39

glucose (gluconeogenesis); triglycerides (lipogenesis)

Question 40

Is the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids to produce new proteins.

Answer 40

Protein Anabolism

Question 41

Is carried out on the ribosomes of almost every cell in the body, directed by the cells’ DNA and RNA

Answer 41

Protein Anabolism

Question 42

The hepatocytes begin the process of catabolism through

Answer 42

DEAMINATION

Question 43

Amino acid =

Answer 43

Ammonia + keto acid

Question 44

Ammonia + keto acid =

Answer 44

Amino acid

Question 45

The __________ then convert the highly toxic ammonia to _________, a relatively harmless substance that is excreted in the urine.

Answer 45

liver cells; urea

Question 46

breaks down big complex molecules into smaller, easier to absorb molecules.

Answer 46

Catabolism

Question 47

The process of catabolism ____________ energy.

Answer 47

releases

Question 48

Hormones involved in the processes (catabolism) are

Answer 48

adrenaline, cytokine, glucagon, and cortisol

Question 49

builds molecules required for the body’s functionality.

Answer 49

Anabolism

Question 50

Anabolic processes ___________ energy.

Answer 50

require

Question 51

Hormones involved in the process (anabolism) are

Answer 51

estrogen, testosterone, growth hormones and insulin.

Question 52

potential energy is changed into kinetic energy.

Answer 52

catabolism

Question 53

kinetic energy is converted into potential energy

Answer 53

anabolism

Question 54

It is required to perform different activities in living entities.

Answer 54

catabolism

Question 55

It is required for maintenance, growth, and storage.

Answer 55

anabolism

Question 56

Imbalance of nutrient intake

Answer 56

Malnutrition

Question 57

Malnutrition caused by lack of protein or energy or both

Answer 57

PROTEIN ENERGY MALNUTRITION

Question 58

results from severe calorie deficiency, leads to wasting and significant fat and muscle loss

Answer 58

Marasmus

Question 59

a severe protein deficiency, causes fluid retention and a protruding abdomen

Answer 59

Kwashiorkor

Question 60

Functions of Proteins

Answer 60

Growth and Maintenance Creation of Communicators and Catalysts Immune System Response Fluid and Electrolyte Regulation Acid Base Balance