infect dz prev equine (Mallicote) Flashcards

Question

EEE/WNV vaccination Broodmares and foals

Answer 1

* Broodmares * 30-60 days prior to foaling * Foals * begin vaccination series at 3-4 months * maternal antibody interference * subclinical exposure * need 3 vaccines as foals

Answer 2

* Exposure of horses to potentially infected wildlife * most common reservoir in FL is Racoons * Horses = contact between people and wildlife

Answer 3

* fatality is 100% in humans and animals * cost of post-exposure treatment * money, time, personnell * number of people exposed

Answer 4

* Rabies can look like anything * incubation 2-9 weeks * dumb form * furious form * ascending paralysis

Answer 5

* Annual vaccine - Killed vax IM * Foals * begin at 6 months * boost 4-6 weeks later * boost at 10-12 mos \*DDX for the rabies case was EEE (but signs progressed too quickly-one day)

Answer 6

* Influenza * Equine herpesvirus (Rhinopneumonitis) * Strangles

Answer 7

* Incubation period: 1-3 days * Susceptible population \< 3 years old * Stressful conditions/travel

Answer 8

* High fever (1-5 days) * Cough (several weeks) and nasal d/c * lethargy, depression * reduced appetite * muscle soreness \***rest is essential: 1 week off per day of fever (risk for secondary bact infections)**

Answer 9

* vaccinate every 6-12 months (young traveling horses, show horses, sale horses, horses in training) * decreases viral shedding * 3 vaccine types * traditional inactivated IM * Modified live cold-adapted IN * Canarypox vector vaccine IM

Answer 10

* Broodmares * give IM vaccine in last 30 days pregnancy * vaccinate foals at 6 months of age \*Mallicote is ok with pushing flu and rhino to 7/8 months (prolonged immunity from dam)

Answer 11

* EHV 1 * abortion, neonatal death, neurologic dz, respiratory dz * fever and nasal d/c prior to neuro signs * EHV 4 * respiratory dz \*aka: rhinopneumonitis

Answer 12

* Nearly identical to influenza * incubation time 2-10 days * shed virus for 2-3 weeks * most common in **weanlings and yearlings**

Answer 13

* respiratory route * contaminated equiptment * many horse carriers with no evidence of clinical signs * stress can **recrudesce**

Answer 14

* vaccination decreases **shedding of virus** and severity of clinical signs * Foals and weanlings * start between 4-6 months * vaccinate 4 weeks later * third dose at 10-12 months * Yearlings * every 6 months

Answer 15

* typically occurs 7-9 months gestation

Answer 16

* Pregnant mares * booster at 5, 7, 9 months pregnancy to prevent abortion * Vaccinate 30 days prior to foaling for colostral immunity * EHV 1 * EHV 4

Answer 17

* usually happens after resp signs * dog sitting common * considered contagious * 'neurotropic' strain has high mortality * can look like anything * vaccination does not prevent dz * MLV vaccine may minimize clinical dz and reduce viral shedding

Answer 18

* Iso all new arrivals for 21 days * disinfect transport vans * Iso horses with fever: check 2x a day * keep aborted material away from herd * lost of virus in aborted material * isolate mare

Answer 19

* streptococcus equi equi * reportable dz in Florida * variable between states

Answer 20

* Fever (102-105) * lymph node enlargement and abscessation * purulent nasal discharge * respiratory distress * retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement

Answer 21

* Transmission: ingestion or inhalation of infected d/c * horse to horse contact * fomites (humans) * highly contagious * High morbidity, low mortality

Answer 22

* incubation period 3-14 days * isolate horses with a fever asap * shedding of bacteria does not begin until 1-2 days after pyrexia onset * Use PCR and culture of pharynx/GP to detect disease

Answer 23

* at least 4 weeks after clinical signs resolve * nasal d/c * guttural pouch is clear * more testing may indicate sooner safe period but expensive * after guttural pouch samples are negative

Answer 24

* Nasal/pharyngeal culture * supposedly gold standard * PCR: nasal swab or nasal flush/guttural pouches (90$) * recent outbreaks: three neg PCR to be released from quarantine * ideal to sample back of airway instead of just nasal swab * Serology for SeM protein * helpful for confirming purpura or bastard strangles * weak positive - repeat in 7-14 days * mod positive - exposure in last 2-3 weeks and/or infection in last 6 mo to 2 yrs * high positive - complications of S. equi infections or recent vaccination

Answer 25

* protective clothing * gloves, booties * foot baths * disinfect stables/transport vehicles * rest pastures - 4 weeks (may be excessively long)

Answer 26

* not perfect, adverse side-effects * use on farms previosly effected * farms with young stock * sale/show stables

Answer 27

* M-protein based given IM * strepguard * strepvaxII (2-3 initial series) * Need to booster 1-2 times a year * Can cause abscesses at injection site and purpura * Start vaccination at 4-6 months of age

Answer 28

* Pinnacle IN (3 initial vaccines) * **may be more effective** * won't induce colostral immunity * can cause abscesses * start vaccination at 6-9 months of age * Do this last or only \*Pinnacle will pay for testing if horse is sick after vaccine

Answer 29

* immune mediated purpura hemorrhagica * mild form of the dz * abscess formation * **no vaccination in face of dz =\> purpura hemorrhagica**

Answer 30

* Botulism * KY, PA-broodmares * Potomac Horse Fever * Equine Viral Arteritis (EVA) * Rotavirus * Endemic farms

Answer 31

* Toxicoinfectious botulism * shaker foal syndrome * forage poisoning (round bale with rotten middle) * Toxin blocks transmission of impulses in nerves * weakness, dysphagia, death * flaccid paralysis * Most horses affected by **types B and C** * Endemic areas * kentucky, mid-Atlantic seaboard states \*very regional dz

Answer 32

* Equine vaccine for type B toxoid * no cross protection * type C toxoid not approved for horses * Vaccination recommended in pregnant mares in endemic areas * prevent disease in foals * give last trimester

Answer 33

* Neorickettsia risticii (parasites in fresh water snails and mayflies) * endemic to eastern US and CA * seasonal: July-September * Transmission through trematode parasites of fresh water snails * horses eat caddis flies

Answer 34

* Clinical signs * severe diarrhea, fever (102-107 deg F) * Laminitis (secondary) * Treatment * oxytetracycline, supportive care

Answer 35

* questionable efficacy * lack of seroconversion * vaccine is only 1 strain (multiple strains exist) * Initial series: 2 doses 3-4 weeks apart * Booster every 6-12 months * Appears to lessen severity of disease

Answer 36

* Abortion is main concern * Transmission: respiratory / semen * Diagnosis - EVA titers and virus iso \*ventral and limb edema, respiratory signs, vasculitis (causes the abortion)

Answer 37

* Used to control EVA outbreaks, to prevent transmission from carrier stallions to unaffected broodmares * Seroconversion caused by vaccination may interfere with requirements for **export** of semen or stallions * **document negative blood test before vaccination** * ****Vaccine: modified life, approved for use in stallions and open mares * Vaccinate colts 6-12 months of age * seronegative mares if bred to infected stallion

Answer 38

* Coronavirus * Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in foals * CS * profuse watery diarrhea, fever, lethargy * highly contagious

Answer 39

* TX * Supportive care * Prevention * vaccination of pregnant mares before foaling in endemic herds may provide some protection

Answer 40

* some practitioners use canine lyme vaccine in endemic areas * some evidence of seroconversion * off label * DX and TX are challenging

Answer 41

* associated with recurrent uveitis, kidney infections, abortion * no evidence if vaccine will help/hurt in cases of ERU (equine recurrent uveitis) * not currently labeled for pregnant mares

Answer 42

* Retrovirus * transmitted by biting flies or blood contaminated needles * flies don't harbor will be on mouthparts * Acute: * fever, depression, petechiation * Chronic: * icterus, anemia, dependent edema

Answer 43

* Coggins test (AGID) or ELISA * control program instituted after test developed in 70s * some asymptomatic carriers remain * Need negative test q 6-12 months * travel, show, heath certificates * reportable in all states * positives tests require euthanasia

Answer 44

* Tickborne * Theileria equi (formerly Babesia equi) * Babesia caballi * Transmission * tick-borne disease (Dermacentor nitens) * mechanical vector transission * US considered non-endemic * no tick vectors except southern texas * treated as FAD * International events quarantine horses from endemic areas

Answer 45

* CS (mild or severe) * chronic: weak, dec appetite * Acute: fever, anemia, jaundice, hemogobinuria * DX: cELISA * all imports must be tested

infect dz prev equine (Mallicote) Flashcards

(69 cards)