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Nurs 216B > infection/inflammation/sepsis/septic shock > Flashcards

infection/inflammation/sepsis/septic shock Flashcards

1
Q

lymphocytes

A

B cells and T cells

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2
Q

cells that mediate antibody immunity

A

B cells
- they are activated by an antigen

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3
Q

cells that mediate cell immunity

A

T cells
- activated by foreign markers and antigens

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4
Q

inflammation process step 1

A

innate and non specific

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5
Q

inflammation process step 2

A

mediators released from cells and complement system and cytokines activate along with nitrtic oxide

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6
Q

vascular stage

A

vasodilation along with increased permeability

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7
Q

cellular stage

A

WBC migrate into tissues toward the stimuli

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8
Q

signaling stage

A

pro inflammatory mediators attract more WBC

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9
Q

inflammation process step 3

A

increased interstitial volume causes pressure to be put on nociceptors which leads to pain

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10
Q

WBC most present in a bacterial infection

A

neutrophils

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11
Q

WBC most present in a viral infection

A

lymphocytes

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12
Q

blood composition

A

45% cells
55% plasma

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13
Q

based on suspected bacteria and started ASAP
- used in sepsis and septic shock

A

empiric treatment

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14
Q

penicillins, cephalosporins, bacitracin, vancomycin, carbapenems

A

cell wall synthesis inhibitors

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15
Q

erythromycin, tetracyclines, streptomycin

A

protein synthesis inhibitors

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16
Q

sulfanilamide

A

metabolite synthesis inhibitors

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17
Q

quinolones, rifampin

A

inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis

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18
Q

using substances to enhance immunity and bodys response

A

immunotherapy

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19
Q

antibodies that are donor acquired (biologics)
give immediate immunity boost that provide short term protection

A

immune globulins

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20
Q

IVIG
- given IV route

A

immune globulin

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21
Q

immune mediators (synthetic drug) that stimulate the immune system

A

cytokines (interferons or interleukins)

22
Q

Intron A
- given IV route
- used in hepatitis B

A

cytokine

23
Q

immunizations

A

administered antigen that triggers synthesis of B cell antibodies

24
Q

fetus immunity

A

IgG transferred during pregnancy via placenta
IgA transferred via breastmilk and protect the GI

25
Q

innate immunity

A

non specific and born with

26
Q

acquired immunity

A

antigen specific responses

27
Q

adaptive immunity

A

established due to exposure/immunizations and is long term

28
Q

septicemia/bacteremia

A

pathogen is in bloodstream and can lead to sepsis

29
Q

infection continuum

A

infection –> systemic response –> sepsis –> acidosis –> septic shock

30
Q

infection that causes an extreme inflammatory response and organ hypoperfusion

A

sepsis

31
Q

presence of ongoing hypotension and acidosis due to anaerobic metabolism

A

septic shock

32
Q

results of septic shock

A

renal failure, DIC, metabolic acidosis, hyperglycemia

33
Q

3 types of shock

A

septic, anaphylactic, neurogenic

34
Q

septic shock cause

A

response to pathogen

35
Q

anaphylactic shock cause

A

response to allergen

36
Q

neurogenic shock cause

A

response to injury

37
Q

distributive shock

A

the umbrealla term for shock causing systemic inflammation and causes loss of blood vessel tone and increased permeability

38
Q

LR in shock and sepsis

A

used due to lactate conversion to sodium bicarbonate
- mitigate metabolic acidosis

39
Q

renal failure treatment

A

catecholamines (dobutamine) and IV fluids

40
Q

intracellular dysregulation causes

A

hypoxia –> anaerobic metabolism –> lactic acid

41
Q

lung dysregulation cause and effect

A

low O2 and high CO2 leading to metabolic acidosis

42
Q

renal dysregulation

A

decreased clearance of acidic contents and causes acidosis

43
Q

lactic acidosis

A

a type of metabolic acidosis
- elevated serum lactate due to tissue hypoxia

44
Q

Kussmaul breathing, decreased BP, hyperkalemia, decreased renal pH

A

signs and symptoms of metabolic acidosis

45
Q

metabolic acidosis treatment

A

O2, electrolytes, sodium bicarbonate , insulin

46
Q

GI ischemia due to metabolic acidosis

A

occurs due to SNS activated vasoconstriction

47
Q

GI ischemia treatment

A

NG, PPI, antiemetics

48
Q

hyperglycemia due to metabolic acidosis

A

tissue hypoxia causes decreased cell metabolism and glucose transport to cells along with pro inflammatory mediators decreasing insulin efficacy

49
Q

DIC due to metabolic acidosis

A

decreased perfusion to the liver
decreased plasmin for clot lysis and coagulation factor formation
- starts as widespread and then depletes

50
Q

widespread DIC treatment

A

anticoagulants (heparin)

51
Q

systemic DIC treatment

A

blood products (whole blood, platelets, vitamin K)

Nurs 216B (19 decks)

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