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Nurs 216B > neurological injuries/illnesses > Flashcards

neurological injuries/illnesses Flashcards

1
Q

brain death

A

no motor response, no brainstem reflexes
- negative dolls eye reflex

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2
Q

vegetative state

A

brainstem maintenance, hypothalamic function, no awareness of self or surroundings

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3
Q

2 outcomes of global ischemia

A

watershed infarcts and reperfusion injuries

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4
Q

monroe-kellie hypothesis

A

displacement of fluid contents being a reduction in venous blood flow and CSF content

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5
Q

cushing’s triad

A

a sign of high ICP
- hypertension
- bradycardia
- irregular respirations

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6
Q

vasogenic cerebral edema

A

BBB compromised which causes inflammation leading to high ICP

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7
Q

cytotoxic cerebral edema

A

increase intracellular fluid shift which causes ischemia leading to a high ICP

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8
Q

ischemic CVA

A

caused by a thrombus/embolus and cause 80% of all strokes

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9
Q

TIA

A

a warning of a CVA and only present with ischemia

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10
Q

thrombectomy

A

treatment of ischemic CVA
- blood clot removed via suction through catheter insertion

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11
Q

angioplasty

A

treatment of ischemic stroke
- stent inserted and balloon blown up to widen vessel

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12
Q

hemorrhagic stroke

A

1st s&s will be headache, vomiting high BP with sudden onset

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13
Q

hemorrhagic stroke treatment

A

hypertonic NS (3%NaCl) , mannitol (osmotic diuretic)

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14
Q

AVM

A

characteristic of slow onset of neuro deficits
- steals blood flow from surrounding area d/t no capillary network

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15
Q

sign of aortic aneurysm

A

bruits

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16
Q

epidural hematoma

A

between dura (protective brain layer) and skull

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17
Q

common cause of epidural hematoma

A

skull fracture

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18
Q

subdural hematoma

A

between dura (protective brain layer) and subdural space (just below protective layer near brain)

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19
Q

common cause of subdural hematoma

A

accel/decel injuries

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20
Q

characteristic of acute hematoma

A

high morbidity and mortality

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21
Q

characteristic of chronic hematoma

A

very slow onset and due to brain atrophy

22
Q

main focus when treating hematoma

A

decrease ICP
- do this through osmotic diuretic and antihypertensives

23
Q

brain parenchyma infection

A

encephalitis

24
Q

spinal cord infection

A

myelitis

25
Q

most common cause of infection

A

bacteria

26
Q

type of infection that is less fatal

A

viral/viruses

27
Q

purulent meningitis

A

bacterial

28
Q

lymphocytic meningitis

A

viral

29
Q

highest mortality meningitis bacteria

A

strep.pneumoniae
- 34%

30
Q

meningitis antibiotics

A

amoxicillin, vancomycin, 3rd gen cephalosporins
- add in dexamethasone as treatment

31
Q

metastatic cancer/tumors

A

tumor starts in one tissue but spreads to others

32
Q

alkylating agents (DNA damage)

A

chemotherapy used for tumors/cancer
- temozolomide

33
Q

temozolomide

A

type of chemotherapy

34
Q

idiopathic seizure

A

genetic origin with no known cause

35
Q

symptomatic seizure

A

caused by a brain injury

36
Q

focal seizures

A

affect group of neurons in one hemisphere

37
Q

generalized seizures

A

both hemispheres involved

38
Q

status epilepticus

A

can be any seizure type that progresses to unstoppable state which is life threatening

39
Q

alzheimers

A

caused decreased Ach synthesis
- behavioural changes

40
Q

management of alzheimer’s

A

increase Ach through cholinesterase inhibitors

41
Q

parkinsons

A

caused by lack of dopamine; inability to filter out extra movements
- 2nd most common form of dementia

42
Q

management of parkinson’s

A

increase dopamine through dopamine agonists

43
Q

brainstem

A

pons, medulla, midbrain

44
Q

occurence of dreams and nightmares sleep stage

A

REM

45
Q

these are all signs of what stage of sleep: fast HR, high BP, fast RR, temp fluctuation, brain resembles wakeful state

A

REM

46
Q

insomnia

A

related to cortisol and have difficulties with initiation and duration of sleep

47
Q

obstructive sleep apnea

A

due to collapse of upper airway
- prominent in REM d/t muscle relaxation

48
Q

central apnea

A

deficit in brain stem and resp centers where signals aren’t sent
- commonly seen in brain injuries and cerebral edema

49
Q

schizophrenia positive symptoms

A

hallucinations, delusions

50
Q

schizophrenia negative symptoms

A

withdrawn, apathetic, lack of motivation

51
Q

neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A

VS crisis
- hyperthermia, diaphoresis, unstable BP

52
Q

addiction

A

forms from ventromedial prefrontal cortex which deals with impulse control

Nurs 216B (19 decks)

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