Infections of the Sensory System Flashcards

Question

what is trachoma eradication trying to do

Answer 1

to clear trachoma from endemic populations Surgery Antibiotics Facial cleanliness Environmental change

Answer 2

river blindness 2nd leading causing of infection blindness CENTRAL AFRICA parasitic disease onchocerca larvae carried by black flies worm bites birth larvae which spreads to different tissues like eye and die which causes inflammation

Answer 3

IVERMECTIN -yearly for 10-15 years clear from population

Answer 4

ophthalmological med emergency 2 types- pre and post septal cellulitis post is more dangerous: spread of infection into deeper structures orbital abscess (push eyeball out) meningitis cavernous sinus thrombosis optic nerve damage bacteremia/sepsis pre (just area around eye) signs? swelling red pain proptosis RAPD tenderness photophobia

Answer 5

haem. influenza staph. a strept. pn neta-haemolytic streptococci

Answer 6

infectious condition retinochoroidal lesions postior uveitis FOG IN HEADLIGHT SIGN WITH ADJACENT PIGMENTENTED RETINAL CHOROIDAL SCARRING toxoplasmosis gondii (cat litter) -spontaneous miscarriage -blindness -enchephalitis

Answer 7

oral pyrimethamine sulfadiazine corticosteroids

Answer 8

retinochoroiditis toxoplasma endophthalmitis HIV reproduces in CD4+ t cells can tell what they might be susceptible by their cell count 250/uL- toxoplasmosis 100/uL- CMV

Answer 9

cotton wool on retina antiviral ganciclovir

Answer 10

develops after intra-ocular operation trauma with inoculation of foreign body complication of systemic infection intra-ocular and systemic antibiotics virectomy

Answer 11

epithelium of the ear can be affected by comon skin conditions eg. eczema, psoriasis pain ear ache itch discharge swimmers ear- gets moist for bacteria to grow in cottage cheese discharge, can be blood stained conduction deafness ear drops

Answer 12

hair follicles ciliated cells

Answer 13

pseudomonas aeeruginosa staph aure. less common candida albicans aspergillus niger

Answer 14

middle ear most common in infants and small children- flatter eustachian tubes 50% viral in origin mainly RSV also s. pneu, and h. inflenzae young: red ears, fever, crying, poor feeding, restlessness, hearing difficulties, delayed learning development glue ear- fluid in middle ear bulging ear drum and dilated vessels chronic suppurative otitis media

Answer 15

a severe complication of otitis media spread of infection from middle ear to mastoid air cells via the mastoid antrum mastoid process inflammation redness tenderness pain behind the ear pushed forward pinna fever fatigue if unwell IV antibiotics

Answer 16

pathogen invasion of the air spaces associated with URT mucosal swelling prevents muco-ciliary clearance of infection exacerbated by local accumulation of inflammatory bacterial products nasal blockage discharge with facial pain/pressure/loss of smell self limiting increase in symptoms after day 5 of urt infection -double sickening

Answer 17

40%rhino 30% coronaviruses coxsackie virus a echovirus parainfluenza virus tired, pyrexia, malaise, sore nose, pharynx. nasal discharge, sneezing

Answer 18

Pharyngitis is often is associated with pharyngeal exudate and cervical lymphadenopathy * Sore throat, reduced oral/fluid intake, fatigue, lethargy, fever, Headache, nausea, vomiting. * Management: Self-limiting for most, antibiotics need to be considered for some. worry if taking DMARDS, carbimazole, HIV, chemo

Answer 19

Viruses * Cytomegalovirus (CMV) * Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) * Herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1) * Rhinovirus * Coronavirus * Adenovirus * Bacteria * Streptococcus pyogenes * Haemophilus influenzae * Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Answer 20

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) * Transmission in body secretions and organ transplants * Usually asymptomatic or mild in healthy adults * CMV causes cold-like symptoms, such as a sore throat, fever, fatigue and swollen glands. * Symptoms last for only a few short weeks and is not worrying for healthy children or adults. * Virus can reactivate and cause disease when cellmediated immunity is compromised * Treatment with ganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir

Answer 21

Inflammation of the tonsils – typically palatine. Can be viral or bacterial. Therefore – may or may not need antibiotics. * Symptoms: Dysphagia, odynophagia, cervical lymphadenopathy, fever * 90% of cases will resolve in 7 days without treatment

Answer 22

* A score of 0-1 is associated with 13-18% isolation of streptococcus (close to background carriage rates). * No antibiotics recommended. * A score of 2 is associated with 30-35% isolation of streptococcus. * Delayed antibiotic may be appropriate. * A score of 3 is associated with 39-48% isolation of streptococcus. * Delayed antibiotic may be appropriate. * A score of 4 or more is associated with 62- 65% isolation of streptococcus. * Consider antibiotics if symptoms are severe or a short delayed prescribing strategy may be appropriate (48 hours).

Answer 23

complications * Scarlet Fever * Caused by erythrogenic toxin from S. pyogenes * Peritonsillar abscess (“quinsy”) * Otitis media / sinusitis * Rheumatic heart disease * Glomerulonephritis acute Group A streptococcal (GAS): * 5 to 15 years old * more common in the winter * High Fever PAIN or CENTOR score * A scarlatiniform rash may be present, especially in children. * Significant complications if not treated Treatment: * Able to swallow Benzylpenicillin IV * Unable to swallow Penicillin V * Paracetamol, Ibuprofen, IV Fluids

Answer 24

* Collection of pus between the tonsillar capsule and superior constrictor muscle. * Complication of untreated bacterial pharyngitis / tonsillitis * Symptoms: Fever, pain, trismus, general malaise * Signs: Hot-potato voice, unilateral swelling, deviation of uvula * Management: Same day hospital admission to ENT. * Needle aspiration / drainage, IV antibiotics (Penicillin based) and IV Steroids, analgesia and IV Fluids until oral route available. * Complications: Retropharyngeal or deep neck space infection in fascial planes of the neck, HOT POTATO VOICE

Answer 25

Replicates in B lymphocytes * Clinical features: * Fever * Headache * Malaise * Sore throat * Anorexia * Palatal petechiae * Cervical lymphadenopathy * Splenomegaly * Mild hepatitis Diagnosis: EBV Serology, FBC and LFTs EBV IgM – Acute 4-6 weeks EBV IgG – Lifelong (Indicative of past infection)

Answer 26

parotitis Clinical features: * Fever, Malaise, Headache * Anorexia, Trismus, joint pain * Severe pain and swelling of parotid gland(s) * Treatment is supportive / symptomatic * 88% resistance with full vaccination

Answer 27

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA * Present in nasopharynx of 75% healthy people * 88% reduction in cases since vaccine in 1992 * Clinical features: * High fever / Bacteraemia * Massive oedema of the epiglottis - tripod position * Severe airflow obstruction – Stridor, Dysponoea Most often seen in young children 2 to 6 years of age MEDICAL EMERGENCY needing 999 ambulance to hospital for intubation and IV antibiotics. Do Not examine a child with suspected epiglottitis without an anaesthetist.

Answer 28

diagnosis: * Made on clinical grounds as therapy is usually urgently required * Treatment: * Prompt anti -toxin therapy administered intramuscularly * Concurrent antibiotics (penicillin or erythromycin) * Strict isolation and contact tracing

Infections of the Sensory System Flashcards

(53 cards)