Infectious and communicable diseases Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Infectious and communicable diseases Deck (28)
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1
Q

Infectious disease

A

Infectious disease is caused by a microorganism that can transfer to new individuals. An infectious disease is a disease caused by a microorganism and therefore potentially infinitely transferable to new individuals. It may or may not be communicable.

2
Q

Communicable disease

A

Communicable disease is readily transmitted from one individual to another. An example of a non-communicable disease is disease caused by toxins from food poisoning or infection caused by toxins in the environment, such as tetanus.

A communicable disease on the other hand is an infectious disease that is contagious and which can be transmitted from one source to another by infectious bacteria or viral organisms.

3
Q

H1N1(swine flu)

A

mixture of pig, bird, and human viruses

4
Q

E.coli

A

bacteria in intestinal tract of humans and animals

5
Q

Lyme disease

A

caused by tick-borne spirochete

6
Q

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)

A

caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV. Has a spike, envelope and nucleocaspid. Has a defined receptor binding domain. Binds to ACE 2. Causes upper and lower respiratory tract infections.

7
Q

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)

A

caused by a coronavirus MERS-CoV
Most recent emerging infection; has a 30% death rate
First seen in Saudi Arabia
Can transfer from person to person; may have come from camels or bats

8
Q

Plague

A

bacteria that spreads through respiratory secretions

9
Q

Botulism

A

bacteria that causes muscle paralysis

10
Q

Anthrax

A

acute bacterial infection that can occur in three forms
Cutaneous, intestinal, or inhalation
Bacillium anthracis

11
Q

Smallpox (variola)

A

variola pox virus spreads through respiratory secretion

12
Q

Tularemia (rabbit or deer-fly fever)

A

bacteria that causes pneumonia-like infection

13
Q

Viral hemorrhagic fevers

A

highly infectious viruses that damage multiple organ systems

14
Q

West Nile Virus

A

transmitted to humans via the bite of an infected mosquito

15
Q

Malaria

A

protozoa from an infected mosquito; parasites travel to liver; change to merozites that enter and destroy red blood cells

16
Q

2 examples of viral infections?

A

Common cold of coryza: virus of upper respiratory tract

Influenza: acute viral infection of the respiratory system

17
Q

2 examples of multidrug-resistant organisms

A

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (PRSP)

18
Q

2 types of immunosuppressant diseases?

A

Chronic fatigue syndrome: persistent, debilitating fatigue; difficult to treat; also called benign myalgic encephalomyelitis

HIV infection/AIDS: viral infection that destroys the T4 lymphocytes; no cure, but antiviral medications suppress the virus

19
Q

2 examples of Infectious and communicable diseases of childhood and adolescence

A

Infectious diarrheal disease: generally transmitted through fecal-oral route; 20 million cases a year

Rubeola (measles): highly communicable respiratory infection; prevented by vaccine

20
Q

Rubella

A

Rubella (3-day measles): caused by rubella virus characterized by fever and rash; dangerous to pregnant women

21
Q

Mumps

A

characterized by fever and inflammation of the parotid salivary glands caused by mumps paramyxovirus; prevented by vaccine

22
Q

Varicella

A

varicella-zoster virus causes rash that goes from macule to papule to vesicles, then crusts; prevented by vaccine; reappears as shingles in later life

23
Q

Erythema infectiosum (Fifth disease)

A

caused by human parvovirus B19; transmitted by respiratory secretions characterized by facial rash

24
Q

Pertussis

A

(whooping cough): bacteria causes highly infectious respiratory disease with a repetitious, paroxysmal cough and prolonged harsh or shrill sound during inhalation; prevented by vaccine

25
Q

Diphtheria

A

creates a membrane-like coating over mucous membrane surfaces; can block airways; prevented by vaccine

26
Q

Tetanus

A

life-threatening disease causing skeletal muscle contractions; comes from the environment; prevented by vaccine

27
Q

Vaccine

A

suspension of infectious agents, components of the agents, or genetically engineered antigens given for purpose of establishing resistance to an infectious disease

28
Q

Two general classes of vaccines

A

Live attenuated agent

Inactivated agents obtained through genetic mutation