infectious disease Flashcards
(29 cards)
what is the study of microscopic organisms, such as bacteria, viruses, archaea, fungi, and protozoa?
microbiology
what are signs and symptoms of infectious diseases?
- fever and chills
- sweating
- malaise
- nausea and vomiting
- increased number of leukocytes or a change in the type of leukocytes
what is an elevated WBC count called?
leukocytosis
what is a decreased WBC count called?
leukopenia
what are some factors that caused leukopenia?
bone marrow disease
radiation
medications
chemotherapy
what is the most abundant WBC type?
neutrophil
what is the reduction of the neutrophil count and what disease does it increase the risk for?
neutropenia
nosocomial infections (health care associated infection)
what is the normal WBC count?
5000-10,000 /mm^3
what is the WBC count for leukocytosis?
> 10,000/mm^3
what is the WBC count for leukopenia?
<4,000/mm^3
what causes the set point of the hypothalamic thermostat to rise?
pyrogens (certain protein substances - cytokines)
toxins (endotoxin of some bacteria)
what are some non-infectious causes of fever?
drug reaction
pulmonary emboli
neoplasm
tissue necrosis
autoimmune disease
what are some infectious causes of fever?
- urinary tract infection
- respiratory tract infection
- catheter related infection
- surgical wound infection
- infected pressure injuries
- other: colitis, peritonitis, meningitis
what are some signs and symptoms of infectious diseases besides fever?
abscess
rash with fever
red streaks
inflamed lymph nodes
joint effusion
hypotension
tachypneic and confused
with aging, what happens to the number of naive T cells?
decrease
with aging, what happens to the number of memory T cells?
increase
what are some extrinsic factors apart from the immune system that can lead to increased susceptibility to infection in the older adult?
- atrophic skin is more easily damage
- decreased cough and gag reflex
- decreased bronchiolar 4. elasticity and mucociliary activity
- denture associated infections
- implanted device
what is the threshold of temperature for infection for aging adults?
99 or 100
what is the period between the pathogen entering the host and the appearance of clinical symptoms?
incubation period
what marks the end of the incubation period?
disease symtpoms
what occurs after a microorganism has replicated but remains dormant or inactive in the host, sometimes for years?
latent infection
what may occur in which no apparent symptoms are evident other than an identifiable immune response of the host?
sub-clinical infection
a clinically apparent infection in which the host parasite interaction causes obvious injury and is accompanied by one or more clinical symptoms is called?
infectious disease
what is the time period when an organism can be shed?
period of communicability
