oncology 2 Flashcards
(26 cards)
what nervous system responds to mild-to moderate superficial cancer pain? and what are the signs?
sympathetic nervous system
signs: hypertension, tachycardia, and tachypnea
KEY: HYPERTENSION AND TACHYCARDIA
what nervous system responds to severe or visceral pain? what are the signs?
parasympathetic nervous system
signs: hypotension, bradycardia, nausea, vomiting, tachypnea, weakness, or fainting
KEY: HYPOTENSION AND BRADYCARDIA
how can you achieve a balance analgesia and side affects for pain control?
opioid rotation
(changing to an equivalent dose of an alternative opioid)
what is directly caused by tumor invasion or indirectly as a side effect of cytotoxic drug therapy?
cancer neuropathic pain
how can you treat cancer neuropathic pain?
infrared light therapy
anti-depressant drugs
anti-epileptics
steroids
what is a distressing, persistent, and subjective sense of tiredness or exhaustion related to cancer or cancer treatment?
cancer related fatigue
what is called when tumors produce signs and symptoms at a site distant from the tumor or its metastasized sites?
paraneoplastic syndrome
what is an example of paraneoplastic syndrome in lung cancer?
proximal leg weakness
what level of prevention is epigenetics and why?
primary prevention
screens to identify high risk people and subsequent reduction or elimination of modifiable risk factors
what level of prevention is nutrigenomics?
primary prevention
prevent cancer through the impact of nutrition on gene structure and stability
what level of prevention is chemoprevention?
primary prevention
the use of agents to inhibit and reverse cancer, has focused on diet derived agents
what level of prevention is cancer vaccine?
primary prevention
what level of prevention is aimed at preventing morbidity and mortality using screening, early detection, and prompt treatment?
secondary prevention
what level of prevention focuses on managing symptoms, limiting complications, and preventing disability associated with cancer or its treatment?
tertiary prevention
what does the biologic tumor marker CEA indicate?
large bowel, stomach, pancreas, lungs, and breasts malignancy
what does the biologic tumor marker PSA indicate?
prostatic cancer
what type of diagnosis provides additional information for the oncologist in determining aggressiveness of the tumor, potential response to treatment, and prediction of risk for cancer diagnosis with a family?
molecular profiling
what type of diagnosis is the following examples:
immunohistochemistry
gene expression by microarray
fluorescence in situ hybrid
DNA sequencing via PCR
molecular profiling
when is chemotherapy in neoadjuvant treatment?
before surgery (shrink tumor before removing)
when is chemotherapy in adjuvant therapy?
after surgery
when are most sensitive to radiation therapy in the cell cycle?
G2
when are stem cells resistant to chemotherapy and radiation therapy in the cell cycle?
G0
what is the primary mechanism of chemotherapy?
interferes with the synthesis or function of DNA targeting cells in the growth phase and therefore does not kill all cells
what is the cytotoxic strategy?
limit cell proliferation by killing the growth of cancerous cells
inhibit DNA/RNA synthesis
affect cancerous cells to a greater extent than normal cells
