infertility Flashcards
infertility definition. with primary and secondary
reproductive system disease. Failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after ≥12 months of regular unprotected sexual intercourse.
primary=no previous live birth
secondary= live birth more than 12 months ago
common cause of infertility in couples
factors:
male (30%)
female(30%)
combined M+F(30%)
unknown(10%)
infertility impact
psychological distress to couple and cost to society
1: impact on couples wellbeing
2: less births and tax income
example of pre-testicular infertility cause
Klinefelters (47XXY)
examples of testicular infertility cause
cryptorchidism
infection (STD)
trauma
examples of post-testicular infertility cause
obstructive azoospermia,
erectile dysfunction,
vasectomy
what are fibroids
Benign tumours of the myometrium
ENDOMETRIOSIS define
Presence of functioning endometrial tissue outside the uterus
male infertility: examples of issues in hypothalamus (what is it called)
hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism
kallmann syndrome
acquired- Low BMI/XS exercise, stress
hyperprolactinaemia
male infertility: examples of issues in pituitary- and what is it
hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism
hypopituitarism- tumour/radiation etc
male infertility: examples of issues in gonads and what is it
hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism
congenital-
klinefelters (47xxy)
acquired-
crytorchidism
trauma/chemo
Female Infertility: examples of issues in hypothalamus
kallmann syndrome
low BMI/stress/excess exercise
hyperprolactinaemia
Female Infertility: examples of issues in pituitary
hypopituitarism
Female Infertility: examples of issues in gonads (hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism)
PCOS
Acquired: POI/surgery/chemo
congenital: turner’s (45XO)/POI
what is used to diagnose PCOS and how
Rotterdam diagnostic crtieria (2/3)
1)oligo/anovulation
2)hyperandrogenism
clinical-acne/hirsutism
and/or
biochemical-high testosterone
3)polycystic ovaries (US)
