psychiatry through lifecourse Flashcards
why are adolescent more likely to engage in risky behaviours?
prefrontal cortex matures later than the limbic area
-Prefrontal cortex: logical thinking
-Limbic: rewards
age onset for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Eating Disorders
ASD - 9
ADHD - 12
Eating disorders - 17
what condition is this? 10 year old boy, several attendances to GP and Emergency Department with recurrent abdominal pain, no physical cause found so far
Somatisation (bodily distress disorder)
manifestation of psychological distress through physical symptoms without an apparent medical cause.
ADHD what does it stand for
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Core features and Diagnosis: DSM-5 criteria for ADHD
1.Persistent pattern ofinattentionand/orhyperactivity-impulsivity
2. 6 months +
3. Inappropriate for their developmental level
4. Interferes with functioning or development
5. Several symptoms before age 12
6. Several symptoms in two+ settings
7. The symptoms are not better explained by another mental disorder
what is classified as inattention (and same stats for hyperactivity-impulsivity)
Six+ symptoms of inattention for children-16 y.o,
five+ symptoms for adolescents age 17 year+
adults; symptoms of inattention 6 months+, and inappropriate for their developmental level
ADHD Risk factors
first degree relatives,
boys,
premature birth, low birth weight, prenatal smoking exposure
ADHD subtypes
combined
inattentive
hyperactive
main cause of dementia
and reversible causes
alzheimer’s disease,
vascular dementia.
reversible:
-depression, B1, 6, 12 deficiency, delirium, hypothyroidism
-normal pressure hydrocephalus
what is normal pressure hydrocephalus and what it clinically presents with
an abnormal buildup of (CSF) in the brain’s ventricles
Hakim-Adams triad
-confusion
-incontinence
-gait disturbance
clinical features of mild dementia
-mostly living independently
-can appear unimpaired to those who do not know them
-Judgement and problem solving typically impaired
-Social judgement may be preserved
-Difficulty making complex plans/decisions and handling finances
moderate dementia
-Requires assistance for basic daily tasks (ie.dressing),
-sig. memory loss,
-struggles with judgment and social interactions.
-Struggles with communication with unfamiliar people,
-displays inappropriate social behavior, and experiences behavior changes that are noticeable to others.
what is severe demetia
-Severely impaired memory —disorientated to time and place,
-struggles with judgment and problem-solving,
-requires assistance for personal care,
-urinary and fecal incontinence.
what does BPSD stand for- that is common in dementia
behavioural and psychological symptoms in dementia
-Includes apathy, mood disturbances, hallucinations, delusions, irritability, agitation, aggression and sleep changes
-symptoms are more frequent in moderate and severe forms of Dementia
