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Path > Inflammation > Flashcards

Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

PGG2

A

Prostaglandin 2

  • inhibit HCL production in stomach
  • regulate blood pressure (
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2
Q

COX-1 inhibitors

A

Ibuprofen
Naproxen
Acetaminophen
Indomethacin

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3
Q

COX-2 inhibitors

A

Viox CAUSES THROMBOSIS!
Celebrex
Meloxicam

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4
Q

Steroids inhibit what?

A

Phosophlipases from synthesizing arachidonic acid which prevents all other reactions

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5
Q

Most powerful steroid?

A

Prednisone

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6
Q

TXA2

A

Thromboxane

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7
Q

TXA2

A

Vasoconstriction
Platelet aggregation
Produced by platelets

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8
Q

PGI2

A

Prostacyclin

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9
Q

PGI2

A

Causes vasodilation
Inhibits platelet aggregation
Produced by endothelial cells

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10
Q

PGD2

A

Lungs
BRONCHOSPASM
mast cells
Baldness (alopecia)

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11
Q

PGE2

A

Kidney
Hyperalgesia (pain)
Fever
Uterine contraction (induces labor)

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12
Q

PGF2

A

Corpus luteum

  • ->Luteolysis
  • –> stops production of progesterone
  • —> induces labor
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13
Q

Bronchospasm

A

Histamine
PGD2
Leukotrienes

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14
Q

Lipoxin A4 & B4

A

Vasodilation
Inhibit neutrophil chemotaxis
Stimulate monocytes adhesion
Enzyme 12-lipoxygenase

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15
Q

Arachadonic acid becomes?

A

Cyclooxygenase Cox1 cox2

5-lipoxygenase

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16
Q

Cyclooxygenase becomes?

A

Prostaglandins

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17
Q

5-lipoxigenase becomes?

A

Leukotrienes

18
Q

NSAIDS

A

COX-1 inhibitors
Lead to kidney problems and stomach irritation/ulceration because no COX-1 is produced
No COX-1 = HCL levels increase
Ex: ibuprofen (Advil), naproxen (aleve) , indomethacin, and aspirin

19
Q

Leukotrienes

A

Vasoconstriction- balances out vasodilation
Bronchospasm
Increased permeability
Enzyme 5-lipoxygenase

20
Q

Tumor necrosis factor

A

Produced by activated macrophages
Induces inflammatory response
Medications for RA, ankylosis get spondylitis, etc, inhibit TNF and may lead to lymphomas etc
HUMERA INHIBITS TNF

21
Q

IL-1 and IL-6

A

(Interleukin)
Produced by T helper cells
Induces acute inflammatory

22
Q

Acute phase responses

A

Fever
Increase ability of the body to fight against intruders
Decreased appetite (anorexia )
Increased sleep
Important to autoimmune disease
Increased Acute phase proteins ( C-RP=C reactive protein) and (ESR= erythrocytes sedimentation rate)
Vasodilation (may lead to shock)
Neutrophilia- increase amount of neutrophils
Creates an environment that aids the body in dealing with the cause of inflammation

23
Q

Kinin cascade

A 
Hageman factor (CF XII)-->
Prekallikrein-->
Kallikrein-->
Kininogen-->
Bradykinin
24
Q

Prekallikrein

A

Vasodilation
Promotes the vascular component of the inflammation
Short lived: 5-10 minutes

25
Q

C3a, C4a, C5a

A

Refers to fragment that has been separated from the complement part
Promotes secretion of histamine from mast cell granules
Participate in inflammation sometimes
In nature they are derived from plasma

26
Q

Bradykinin

A

Causes vasodilation
Promotes vascular component of inflammation
Increased permeability
Increased permeability of the vessel via prostacyclin and NO
Small peptide with short life
5-10 minutes

27
Q

Lymphangitis

A

Appears as a red Ropey line
Lymphatic capillaries —> inflammation of lymphatic vessels
Enlarged and painful lymph nodes

28
Q

Lymphadenitis

A

Enlarged and painful inflamed lymph nodes
Accumulation of bacteria
Painless= cancer (metastasis of lymph nodes)

29
Q

Bacteremia

A

Infection if bacteria in blood
Very dangerous
Septicemia-accumulation of bacteria metabolism toxic products

30
Q

Leukocyte is

A

Increased leukocytes in blood
>9,000 per 1 cubic mm
Due to infected blood

31
Q

Neutrophilia

A

Normal 55-60
Acute bacterial infection (such as appendicitis)
Can increase up to 80-90% of circulating wbc’s

32
Q

Lymphocytosis

A

Normal 20-25

VIRAL INFECTION

33
Q

Eosinophils

A 
Normal 2-4 
Allergic reactions (type 1 hypersensitivity)
PARASITIC INFECTION (worms)
34
Q

Long term soft tissue inflammation

A

Results in osteopenia

Bones in vicinity lose their density

35
Q

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

A

Hands and joins swollen lots of pain
Inflammation can destroy tissue—>
repair–> fibrillation and connective tissue around
Inflammation can destroy bone

36
Q

Chronic inflammation

A

Duration 6-8 weeks minimum
Character of exudate but NOT exudate (usually does not have this because it is found in acute not chronic)
Cell content: ONLY MACROPHAGES AND LYMPHOCYTES
produce immunoglobulins
Selected agents typically involved in chronic inflammation:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
M. Leprae
Listeria
Treponema pallidum
Bruxelles

37
Q

Chronic inflammation arises in the following settings

A

Viral infection
Persistent microbial infection prolonged exposure to potentially toxic agents
Autoimmune diseases

38
Q

Nonspecific chronic inflammation

A

A diffuse accumulation of macrophages and lymphocytes develops at the site of injury

39
Q

Granulomatous inflammation

A 
Formation of granuloma
From inside out:
Epitheliod cells (changed macrophages)---> lymphocytes-->fibroblasts-->connective tissue
Multinucleated giant cell in the center
Develops from TB
40
Q

Pneumoconiosis - silicosis and asbestosis

A

Kung disease from inhalation of industrial toxic fumes

Tissue damage and replacement by scar tissue

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