inflammation

Question 1

5 cardinal signs of inflammation

Answer 1

Heat
Redness
Swelling

Pain
Loss of Function

Question 2

goal of minimizing inflammation

Answer 2

minimize collateral damage

stop inflammatory process, down regulate inflammatory signal and get back to normal

Question 3

why get rid of heat

Answer 3

increases cellular activity

Question 4

why get rid of redness

Answer 4

its been theres vasodilation (increase in blood flow)

hyperaemia

Question 5

why get rid of pain

Answer 5

its from pressure of swelling (mechanical) and chemical irrational of nerve

Question 6

why get rid of swelling

Answer 6

swelling means increased osmotic pressure

and hydrostatic pressure in vessel

Question 7

osmotic pressure is pulling or pushing

Answer 7

pulling

Question 8

osmotic pressure

Answer 8

pulling

pressure to prevent flow of water across membrane via osmosis

Question 9

hydrostatic

Answer 9

pushing
pressure on the walls

by systolic force

Question 10

what mediates vasodilation

Answer 10

histamine

serotonin

Question 11

what mediates increased vascular permeability

Answer 11

bradykinin
histamine
serotonin

Question 12

what mediates chemotaxis

Answer 12

histamine
a bunch of kines

mono, kalli, lympho kines

Question 13

what mediates fever response

Answer 13

prostaglandiins

Question 14

what mediates pain

Answer 14

bradykinin
prostaglandins
hageman factor

Question 15

if theres a vascular response, what changes in the area

Answer 15

vasodilation then constriction

slowing blood flood

accumulation of interstitial fluid

Question 16

if theres a hemostatic response, what changes in the area

Answer 16

retraction / sealing off blood vessels

formation of platelet clots

Question 17

if theres a cellular response, what changes in the area

Answer 17

leukocytes move to the area

Question 18

if theres an immune response, what changes in the area

Answer 18

activation of complement system

Question 19

purpose of ice

Answer 19

strong evidence it helps with pain

decrease metabolism of good cells, decrease secondary cell damage

Question 20

T/F strong evidence ice helps with secondary cell death

Answer 20

moderate

Question 21

purpose of rest

Answer 21

minimize further injury

Question 22

purpose of compression

Answer 22

increase pressure in tissue

counteract hydrostatic pressure

Question 23

purpose of elevation

Answer 23

reduce hydrostatic pressure in vessel

Question 24

whats Peace and Love

Answer 24

Protect elevate avoid inflammations, modalities, compress, education

optimal loading, vascularization, exercise

Question 25

is ice machine better than ice

Answer 25

same

Question 26

goal of managing edema

Answer 26

reduce viscosity | thin out the snot

Question 27

how to manage edema

Answer 27

soft tissue massage electric mm pumping compression

Question 28

how to manage swelling

Answer 28

facilitate resorption of fluid ``` soft tissue massage mm pump elect lympth draining compression ```

Question 29

is normal intra articular pressure positive or negative

Answer 29

slightly negative

Question 30

if injured, intraarticular pressure becomes

Answer 30

more positive

Question 31

fluid moves in and out of joint through

Answer 31

``` synovial membrane (with movement) cartilage / bone interface ```

Question 32

How to reduce intra articular pressure

Answer 32

joint movement | change joint pression (traction, compression)

Question 33

Outcome measures to know if you're doing good

Answer 33

VAS circumferential measures LEFS MDC MCID

Question 34

whats MDC

Answer 34

minimal detectable change

Question 35

whats MCID

Answer 35

minimal clinically important difference

Question 36

VAS MCID

Answer 36

13mm for initial less than 34 28mm for initial score more than 67

Question 37

what circumferential measure if MDC

Answer 37

>0.5 cm

Question 38

MDC in edema swelling volume

Answer 38

150ml

Question 39

LEFS MDC MCID

Answer 39

9 | 9

Question 40

DASH MDC MCID

Answer 40

8-17 | 10.2