Flashcards in Inflammation and Immunity Deck (29)
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1
Self versus non self proteins
Non self: infected body cells, cancer cells, cells from other people, and invading organisms
Self: immune system cells
2
Self tolerance:
recognizing self vs non self to prevent healthy cells from being destroyed
3
Human leukocyte antigens (HLAs):
surface proteins that are specific to that person
4
Antigens:
proteins capable of stimulating an immune response
5
Immunity changes due to a person's
nutritional status
6
The bone marrow products immature undifferentiated cells called
stem cells
7
3 processes needed for human protection through immunity:
1. Inflammation
2. Antibody mediated immunity (AMI)
3. Cell-mediated immunity (CMI)
8
Inflammation differs from AMI and CMI in 2 ways:
1. Inflammation protection is immediate but short term - does not provide true immunity
2. Is a nonspecific body defense to invasion or injury and can be started quickly by almost any event
9
Inflammation can occur without
infection
10
Neutrophils:
55%
Mature cells are capable of phagocytosis
Nonspecific protection against organisms
11
Absolute neutrophil count ANC:
measures a patient's risk for infection: the higher the number, the greater resistance to infection
12
left shift or bandemia:
the segmented neutrophil (far right) is no longer the most numerous type of circulating neutrophils
13
Macrophages:
Located mainly: in the liver, spleen, and intestinal tract
-Immediate imflammatory response and also stimulate the longer-lasting immune responses of AMI and CMI
Functions: phagocytosis, repair, antigen presenting/processing, and secretion of cytokines for immune system control
14
Basophils:
1%
Acts on blood vessels with basophil chemicals which include heparin, histamine, serotonin, kinins, and leukotrienes
-Immunoglobulin E
Functions: stimulates both general inflammation and inflammation of allergy and hypersensitivity reactions
15
Eosinophils:
1-2%
Functions: very active against infestations of parasitic larvae and also limits inflammatory reactions
-allergic response
16
Tissue mast cells:
Come from different parent cell than leukocytes and do not circulate as mature cells
-Important roles in maintaining and prolonging inflammatory and hypersensitivity reactions
17
Phagocytosis:
the engulfing and destruction of invaders,which also rids the body of debris after tissue injury
18
5 cardinal manifestations of inflammation:
Warmth
Redness
Swelling
Pain
Decreased function
-timing might overlap
19
3 stage sequence of inflammation: Stage 1
The vascular part of the inflammatory response that first involves changes in blood vessels
-Blood flow to the area increases (hyperemia) and swelling (edema) forms at the site of injury
20
3 stage sequence of inflammation: Stage 2
The cellular exudate part of the response
Neutrophilia occurs (increased number of circulating neutrophils)
21
3 stage sequence of inflammation: Stage 3
Features tissue repair and replacement
Completed last but begins at the time of the injury
22
7 steps of phagocytosis:
1. Exposure and invasion
2. Attraction
3. Adherence
4. Recognition
5. Cellular ingestion
6. Phagosome formation
7. Degradation
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1. Exposure and invasion:
the body is invaded and leukocytes are present
24
2. Attraction
WBCs come in direct contact with target
damaged tissues secret chemotaxins and they bring neutrophils and macrophages
25
3. Adherence
Allow phagocytic cell to bind to the surface of the target
26
4. Recognition
when the phagocytic cell sticks to the target cell and recognizes it as non self
27
5. Cellular ingestion
phagocytic destruction occurs inside cell
28
6. Phagosome formation
phagocyte's granules break and release enzymes that attack the ingested target
29
