Flashcards in Inflammation and Immunity Deck (29)
1
Self versus non self proteins
Non self: infected body cells, cancer cells, cells from other people, and invading organisms
Self: immune system cells
2
Self tolerance:
recognizing self vs non self to prevent healthy cells from being destroyed
3
Human leukocyte antigens (HLAs):
surface proteins that are specific to that person
4
Antigens:
proteins capable of stimulating an immune response
5
Immunity changes due to a person's
nutritional status
6
The bone marrow products immature undifferentiated cells called
stem cells
7
3 processes needed for human protection through immunity:
1. Inflammation
2. Antibody mediated immunity (AMI)
3. Cell-mediated immunity (CMI)
8
Inflammation differs from AMI and CMI in 2 ways:
1. Inflammation protection is immediate but short term - does not provide true immunity
2. Is a nonspecific body defense to invasion or injury and can be started quickly by almost any event
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Inflammation can occur without
infection
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Neutrophils:
55%
Mature cells are capable of phagocytosis
Nonspecific protection against organisms
11
Absolute neutrophil count ANC:
measures a patient's risk for infection: the higher the number, the greater resistance to infection
12
left shift or bandemia:
the segmented neutrophil (far right) is no longer the most numerous type of circulating neutrophils
13
Macrophages:
Located mainly: in the liver, spleen, and intestinal tract
-Immediate imflammatory response and also stimulate the longer-lasting immune responses of AMI and CMI
Functions: phagocytosis, repair, antigen presenting/processing, and secretion of cytokines for immune system control
14
Basophils:
1%
Acts on blood vessels with basophil chemicals which include heparin, histamine, serotonin, kinins, and leukotrienes
-Immunoglobulin E
Functions: stimulates both general inflammation and inflammation of allergy and hypersensitivity reactions
15
Eosinophils:
1-2%
Functions: very active against infestations of parasitic larvae and also limits inflammatory reactions
-allergic response
16
Tissue mast cells:
Come from different parent cell than leukocytes and do not circulate as mature cells
-Important roles in maintaining and prolonging inflammatory and hypersensitivity reactions
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Phagocytosis:
the engulfing and destruction of invaders,which also rids the body of debris after tissue injury
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5 cardinal manifestations of inflammation:
Warmth
Redness
Swelling
Pain
Decreased function
-timing might overlap
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3 stage sequence of inflammation: Stage 1
The vascular part of the inflammatory response that first involves changes in blood vessels
-Blood flow to the area increases (hyperemia) and swelling (edema) forms at the site of injury
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3 stage sequence of inflammation: Stage 2
The cellular exudate part of the response
Neutrophilia occurs (increased number of circulating neutrophils)
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3 stage sequence of inflammation: Stage 3
Features tissue repair and replacement
Completed last but begins at the time of the injury
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7 steps of phagocytosis:
1. Exposure and invasion
2. Attraction
3. Adherence
4. Recognition
5. Cellular ingestion
6. Phagosome formation
7. Degradation
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1. Exposure and invasion:
the body is invaded and leukocytes are present
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2. Attraction
WBCs come in direct contact with target
damaged tissues secret chemotaxins and they bring neutrophils and macrophages
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3. Adherence
Allow phagocytic cell to bind to the surface of the target
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4. Recognition
when the phagocytic cell sticks to the target cell and recognizes it as non self
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5. Cellular ingestion
phagocytic destruction occurs inside cell
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6. Phagosome formation
phagocyte's granules break and release enzymes that attack the ingested target
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