Inheritance

Question 1

what is inheritance?

Answer 1

transmission of genetic information from generation to generation

Question 2

what is a gene?

Answer 2

length of dna that codes for proteins

Question 3

what are chromosomes made from?

Answer 3

from dna which contains genetic information

Question 4

what is an allele

Answer 4

an alternative form of a gene

Question 5

what are the chromosomes for males

Answer 5

xy

Question 6

what are the chromosomes for females

Answer 6

xx

Question 7

State what determines the sequence of amino acids used in specific protein

Answer 7

that the sequence of bases in a gene
determines it

Question 8

How do different sequences of amino acids
give different shapes to protein molecules

Question 9

How is a protein made?

Answer 9

• the gene coding for the protein remains in
  the nucleus
• messenger RNA (mRNA) is a copy of a gene
• mRNA molecules are made in the nucleus
  and move to the cytoplasm
• the mRNA passes through ribosomes
• the ribosome assembles amino acids into
  protein molecules
• the specific sequence of amino acids is
  determined by the sequence of bases in the
  mRNA

Question 10

Describe a haploid nucleus

Answer 10

nucleus
containing a single set of chromosomes

Question 11

Describe a diploid nucleus

Answer 11

nucleus containing
two sets of chromosomes

Question 12

Explain that DNA controls cell function by
controlling the production of proteins, including
enzymes, membrane carriers and receptors for
neurotransmitters

Question 13

Describe a haploid nucleus

Answer 13

a nucleus containing a single set of chromosomes

Question 14

Describe a diploid nucleus

Answer 14

nucleus containing
two sets of chromosomes

Question 15

do most body cells in an organism
contain the same genes?

Answer 15

yes but but many genes in a
particular cell are not expressed because the cell
only makes the specific proteins it needs

Question 16

diploid cell vs human cell

Answer 16

in a diploid cell, there is a pair of each
type of chromosome and in a human diploid cell
there are 23 pairs

Question 17

Describe mitosis

Answer 17

nuclear division giving rise to
genetically identical cells

Question 18

State the role of mitosis

Answer 18

growth, repair of
damaged tissues, replacement of cells and
asexual reproduction

Question 19

what occurs before mitosis

Answer 19

the exact replication of chromosomes

Question 20

what happens during mitosis

Answer 20

during mitosis, the copies of
chromosomes separate, maintaining the
chromosome number in each daughter cell

Question 21

Describe stem cells

Answer 21

unspecialised cells that
divide by mitosis to produce daughter cells that
can become specialised for specific functions

Question 22

what process is involved in the production
of gametes

Answer 22

miosis

Question 23

Explain how a protein is made,

Answer 23

the gene coding for the protein remains in the nucleus
• messenger RNA (mRNA) is a copy of a gene
• mRNA molecules are made in the nucleus
and move to the cytoplasm
• the mRNA passes through ribosomes
• the ribosome assembles amino acids into protein molecules
• the specific sequence of amino acids is determined by the sequence of bases in the mRNA

Question 24

Explain that most body cells in an organism contain the same genes, but many genes in a particular cell are not expressed because the cell only makes the specific proteins it needs

Answer 24

Each cell in an organism contains the same set of genes, which carry the instructions for making proteins that perform various functions in the body. However, not all of these genes are expressed, or turned on, in every cell. This is because each cell type has a specific function and requires specific proteins to perform that function.

Question 25

what process is involved in the production of gametes?

Answer 25

meiosis

Question 26

what is miosis

Answer 26

reduction division in which the chromosome number is halved from diploid to haploid resulting in genetically different cells

Question 27

what is inheritance

Answer 27

the transmission of genetic information from generation to generation

Question 28

what is a genotype

Answer 28

the genetic make-up of an organism and in terms of the alleles present

Question 29

what is a phenotype

Answer 29

the observable features of an organism

Question 30

what is homozygous?

Answer 30

having two identical alleles of a particular gene

Question 31

how do we get pure breeding?

Answer 31

when two identical homozygous individuals that breed together will be pure-breeding

Question 32

what is heterozygous?

Answer 32

having two different alleles of a particular gene

Question 33

will heterozygous be pure breeding or not?

Answer 33

no

Question 34

what is a dominant allele?

Answer 34

as an allele that is expressed if it is present in the genotype

Question 35

what is a recessive allele?

Answer 35

as an allele that is only expressed when there is no dominant allele of the gene present in the genotype

Question 36

what is codominance

Answer 36

situation in which both alleles in heterozygous organisms contribute to the phenotype

Question 37

what is a sex linked charachteristic?

Answer 37

a feature in which the gene responsible is located on
a sex chromosome and that this makes the characteristic more common in one sex than in the other

Question 38

what is an example of a sex linkage?

Answer 38

red-green colour blindness