Inland Water Flashcards

Question

What is the warm zone?

Answer 1

Within 10 feet of water/ice or IDLH. If needed distance can be increased. pg.6 "within 10 feet of the water/ice, if conditions warrant the distance can be increased. This area is also dangerous and PFD’s are required. Operations Level personnel and below can operate in the Warm Zone."

Answer 2

Operations Level personnel and below. pg.6 "Operations Level personnel and below can operate in the Warm Zone."

Answer 3

greater than 10 feet pg.6 "greater than 10 feet from the water/ice. Any untrained personnel operate in the cold zone."

Answer 4

Where the current strikes a bank or shore of a water-way at a turn. pg.7 "Where the current strikes a bank or shore of a water-way at a turn. The shore can to be undercut and/or eroded with water moving at a steady pace tends to force swimmer or boat into shore."

Answer 5

Where water meets an object and pushes water above water line. pg.7 "Where water meets an object and pushes water above water line. Water will push off to either side with a probable eddy on the opposite side downstream."

Answer 6

Rising of water due to encountering underwater object. pg.7 "Rising of water due to encountering object underwater. Not quite enough to form an upstream V or a hydraulic. These small bumps give us warning while operating a boat and/or swimming."

Answer 7

"The left side or river bank, looking downstream" pg.7

Answer 8

"The right side or river bank, looking downstream"

Answer 9

Swimmer is on his back with feet at surface pointing downstream. This is a safe or defensive swimming position. reduces foot entrapment. pg.7 "A safe or defensive swift water swimming position, in which the swimmer is positioned on their back with feet at the surface pointing downstream. This reduces the risk of foot entrapment and allows the swimmer to defend them against smashing into objects."

Answer 10

This hole will tend to spit a rescuer out due to the nature of its shape. pg.7 "This feature is evident by the points on the outside of the hole going away from you if looking at the hole from up-stream. If you mentally flip the whole up towards you it makes a smile. This hole will tend to spit a rescuer out due to the nature of its shape. Since there is a reversal of flow as with all hydraulics, the rescuer will be forced out the bottom of the hole to the right or left."

Answer 11

A wave formed at the base of a downstream V pg.8 "Formed at the base of a downstream V due to channeling of the water into the chute/tongue. These waves are key to acknowledging the presence of a chute while in water swimming. Depending on amount and speed of water will determine size of waves."

Answer 12

Object or structure that allows water to pass but not rescuer. pg.9 "Object or structure that allows water to pass through but not rescuer. Examples (but not limited to): trees, fencing, cars/trucks, culvert/bridges with debris accumulated on upstream side, barbed wire, and guard rails."

Answer 13

They can hold a rescuer underwater creating a drowning hazard. pg.9 "These should be avoided! These can hold a rescuer under water and/or force rescuer into hole creating a drowning hazard."

Answer 14

Water meets an object that is undercut or has a narrow hole through it. pg.9 "Where water meets an object that is undercut or has a narrow hole through object. The water will either be at water level or slightly dipping below indicating the presence of the undercut. These should be avoided! These can hold a rescuer under water and/or force rescuer into hole creating a drowning hazard."

Answer 15

"Direction from which water is coming." pg.9

Answer 16

Personnel assigned to watch for incoming hazards that may affect the incident. pg.9 "Personnel assigned to watch for incoming hazards that can directly affect the incident. Units should be located a sufficient distance upstream of the incident to afford adequate reflex time."

Answer 17

An indicator that an object is under the water. pg.10 "Indicate an object under the water. The speed and the depth of the water flowing over the object will need to be taken into account to determine the location. The object could be directly under the V or further upstream. Caution should be used when either swimming and/or using boat-based rescues."

Answer 18

Any body of water with a consistent direction of flow. pg.11 "fast-moving with identifiable hydraulics features. For the purpose of this manual, any body of water with a consistent direction of flow will be considered swift water, excluding waterways such as the lower tidal Potomac River."

Answer 19

Water flow and hazards where water isn't normally. pg.11 "variation of a water flow and hazards where water is not normally present."

Answer 20

"a body of water that may or may not be fed by alternate ground sources. Examples include: ponds, lakes, reservoirs, storm water retention ponds, and quarries." pg.11

Answer 21

140 degrees Fahrenheit pg.12 "If the aggregate temperature is less than 140 degrees Fahrenheit, the potential for hypothermia is dramatically increased"

Answer 22

By adding the ambient temperature plus the water temperature AT + WT = AGT PG.12 "In considering environmental hazards, rescuers should know how to calculate the aggregate temperature. The aggregate temperature is obtained by adding ambient temperature plus the water temperature."

Answer 23

Dry or Ice rescue suits pg.13 "Due to the potential for hypothermia, when the aggregate temperature is less than 140 degrees fahrenheit, rescuers should consider additional PPE to include dry or ice rescue suits."

Answer 24

"Flood water should always be considered contaminated and dry suits shall be worn to protect personnel from contaminants."

Answer 25

Gross Decontamination pg.13 "Gross decontamination should be performed after each entry."

Answer 26

"Completion of exposure reports are recommended for all entries into flood waters."

Answer 27

2 Boats (min. 3 personnel per boat) 2 Engines 1 Truck or Tower 1 Rescue 1 BC 1 Safety 2 EMS transport Units pg.14 ✓ 2 Boats \* (minimum staffing of three personnel per boat) ✓ 1 Rescue ✓ 1 Truck or Tower ✓ 2 Engines ✓ 1 Battalion Chief ✓ 1 Safety Officer ✓ 2 EMS Transport Unit

Answer 28

2 boats (min. 3 personnel per boat) 2 engines 1 truck or tower 1 rescue 1 BC 1 safety 2 EMS transport units 1 Dive team (based of incident specifics) pg.14 ✓ 2 Boats (minimum staffing of three personnel per boat) ✓ 1 Rescue ✓ 1 Truck or Tower ✓ 2 Engines ✓ 1 Battalion Chief ✓ 1 Safety Officer ✓ 2 EMS Transport Unit ✓ 1 Dive Team (consideration based upon incident specifics)

Answer 29

2 boats (min. 3 personnel per boat) 1 special service (swift water rescue trained personnel 1 bc 1 EMS transport unit pg.14 ✓ 2 Boats (minimum staffing of three personnel per boat) ✓ 1 Special Services unit (Swift Water Rescue Trained Personnel) ✓ 1 Battalion Chief ✓ 1 EMS Transport Unit

Answer 30

2 swift water rescue technicians and a swift water boat operator. pg.14 "It is recommended when boats are dispatched they respond to the incident with two swift water rescue technicians and one swift water boat operator. These swift water resources are intended to be used for their technical specialty on the incident as determined by the incident commander. It is not the intention of the manual to require the boats are launched with three swift water personnel. The number of responders placed in the water or on the boat should be determined by the boat operator and Incident Commander after evaluating the mission, resources available, and the equipment needed to safely make the rescue. Technical specialist (SME) on the scene should be consulted during this decision-making process."

Answer 31

"The one EMS transport unit dispatched is designated for the care and welfare of the team members only and will not be included as a resource for service delivery" PG.15

Answer 32

Flood watch. pg.15

Answer 33

Flood Warning pg.15

Answer 34

Action Phase pg.15

Answer 35

by the end of each 12-hour period or the end of each shift pg.15 "Demobilization plans should be evaluated by the end of each 12-hour period or the end of each shift. Some factors that should be considered are number of flooded roadways, cresting of local streams and rivers and forecasted precipitation."

Answer 36

"It is recommended when adequate resources are available, a technical specialist be used at the command post"

Answer 37

yes pg.16 "Any time a rescuer is placed into the water to affect rescue, it is considered to be an IDLH environment and there is extreme risk to all involved. A risk/benefit analysis shall be conducted by the Incident Commander, in conjunction with a SME, prior to placing a rescuer in the water"

Answer 38

encompasses operations on the waterway pg.17 "The Marine Branch encompasses operations on the waterways associated with a particular incident. Responsibilities include briefing and assigning marine resources, determining the need for and requesting additional resources, providing information on the status of marine operations, and completing needed documentation."

Answer 39

Throw rope bag pg.17 "All personnel in this division should have a throw rope bag in hand and be wearing appropriate protective equipment. There should be downstream personnel on both sides of the body of water."

Answer 40

rigging the rope rescue system, and they are a land-based rescue source for victims and rescuers swept downstream pg.17 "These divisions consist of personnel who are responsible for rigging the rope rescue system and operating as a land-based rescue source for victims and rescuers swept downstream. Personnel assigned should be wearing appropriate protective equipment and have throw rope bags."

Answer 41

The initial report on arrival to an inland water rescue incident should include the following information: ▪ Confirmation of incident location, ▪ Confirmation of incident dispatch information, ▪ Staging location for incoming resources, ▪ Establish and or transfer command, and ▪ Actions taken or needed to control access to the scene. Pg.18

Answer 42

a 6 sided approach (above, below, four sides) pg.18 "Use a six-sided approach to visualizing the incident (above, below, four sides)."

Answer 43

PG.18 In order to safely mitigate the emergency, the initial incident commander shall perform a thorough size-up of the incident and gather all the information available to develop an incident action plan which include: ▪ Use a six-sided approach to visualizing the incident (above, below, four sides). ▪ Determine location, number, and condition of victims. ▪ Secure witnesses who may have valuable information on victim location. ▪ Review pre-plans of the location. ▪ Establish operational zones. ▪ Obtain and monitor current weather conditions. ▪ Mark the water/ice level and continual check to determine rise or fall. ▪ Determine if this is a rescue or a body recovery. ▪ Consider what will happen if responders do nothing and wait for water to recede. ▪ Request additional and specialized resources needed to accomplish the objectives. ▪ Request additional EMS units as needed for the number of victims.

Answer 44

It can signify victim location, but be mindful that it may only be the point of entry. pg.20 "During an ice rescue incident, determining victim location may be as easy as looking for broken ice. However, with moving water under the ice, this may only be the point of entry by the victim. Cold water shock response may prevent a victim from being able to assist with self-rescue by altering their mentation or physical capacity."

Answer 45

No pg.19 "No personnel shall be in, on or over the water (Hot Zone) while wearing structural firefighting gear."

Answer 46

pg.19 It is also important to implement these critical out-of-water actions during the development of the incident action plan: ▪ No personnel shall be in, on or over the water (Hot Zone) while wearing structural firefighting gear. ▪ Ensure all responders are in proper PPE and flotation devices. ▪ Conduct upstream and downstream recon to identify hazards. ▪ Maintain awareness of the hazards in and around the incident location. ▪ Position upstream spotter. ▪ Position downstream safeties. ▪ If a pet is located on the ice every effort should be made to attempt a rescue to prevent bystanders/family from entering IDLH. Historically, civilian rescue attempts happen after units leave the scene.

Answer 47

pg.19 Perform a risk/benefit analysis before in-water operations commence? ▪ Victim recognition – Can patient self-rescue/do they need to be rescued ▪ Victim viability – When victim was last seen, submerged time, water temperature ▪ What hazard and environmental factors are dealing with ▪ What is my access to victims, is there anything preventing access ▪ On-scene personnel training level ▪ Available resources ▪ Monitor weather conditions. ▪ Protect in place option (water level rising or falling). pg.19 "The Incident Commander shall include a risk/benefit analysis before in-water operations are commenced. Responders need to act on training and facts and not out of compassion. The following are key considerations in performing a risk/benefit analysis before developing an incident action plan: ▪ Victim recognition – assess the patient’s physical and mental status to determine if they can self-rescue or if they need to be rescued. ▪ Victim viability – determine when and where the victim was last seen, how long they have been submerged, and what is the water temperature. ▪ Hazards and environmental factors which can jeopardize rescuers. ▪ What factors will hinder or ease access to the victims? ▪ What is the training and experience of on-scene personnel? ▪ What are your available resources? ▪ Monitor weather conditions. ▪ Protect in place option (water level rising or falling)."

Answer 48

▪ Victim confirmation/condition/numbers. Victims in or out of water ▪ Bystander info and victim status. ▪ Is the water/ice moving? How fast? What direction? ▪ access for resources. ▪ Establish operational zones. ▪ Consider Dive Team (SCUBA) due to reflex/response time. pg.19 "The situation report should include the following information: ▪ Confirmation and condition and number of victims in, on or under the water, if possible. ▪ Information gathered from bystanders and victim status. ▪ Is the water/ice moving? How fast and in what direction? ▪ Possible access for resources. ▪ Establish operational zones. ▪ Consider Dive Team (SCUBA) due to reflex/response time."

Answer 49

The shore pg.20 "Due to the change in the surface ice characteristics during an ice rescue operation (breaking ice and increasing the size of the hole in the ice), the initial victim location or point last seen should be identified from the shore. This will assist the dive team in rescue and recovery if the victim(s) submerges."

Answer 50

Stop operations and look in the direction of the whistle. pg.21 "Any single long whistle blast requires all persons within the sound to stop operations and look in the direction of the whistle."

Answer 51

upstream spotter and downstream safety pg.21 "Any time a rescuer or victim is located in the water there shall be an upstream spotter and downstream safety with retrieval devices available. These personnel are dedicated to these positions and may not be used in any other capacity unless immediately replaced."

Answer 52

Ice rescue and only if the IC, safety and water rescue officer agree that there's minimal risk. pg.22 "There is an exception for ICE RESCUE ONLY as it relates to thermal protection to shoreline crews. This exception only applies if the incident commander, safety officer, and water/ice rescue unit officer agree there is little to no risk to personnel operating in the warm zone. It is understood that structural firefighting gear offers significant thermal protection in the cold environment and is readily available to most personnel. For this reason, it is considered acceptable to have personnel operating in the warm zone (10 feet from the water’s edge as a rule) using structural firefighting PPE. This is only true in the flat or static bodies of water that have surface ice. These personnel should make every effort to minimize or eliminate the need to operate in the warm zone."

Answer 53

Boats, boat support, trucks, and towers pg.24 "Priority positioning should always be given to boats, boat support, trucks, and towers"

Answer 54

Near the scene or where victims might end up as coordinated by the IC. pg.24 "Towers and rescues should position near to the scene or where the victim could potentially end up as coordinated by the incident commander. Special attention should be given to the approach to the scene to optimize the use of the aerial."

Answer 55

The warm or hot zone ## Footnote pg.25 "Any time personnel are located above or near the water/ice in an operational capacity they will be considered to be in the hot or warm zone. This includes operating on aerial ladders/platforms. The personnel should have the appropriate level of training and PPE."

Answer 56

Technician pg.25 "The individual(s) operating within the hot zone on the ladder should be at minimum technician level because of the possibility or necessity of the rescuer entering the IDLH."

Answer 57

Pg.25 "Personnel should ensure surface water rescue / swift water rescue / boat resources have been dispatched and directed to most direct access point. Based upon the supplemental information a request should be made for a SCUBA dive team and any available helicopters. In the NOVA region, additional assets such as a cadaver canine and remotely operated underwater vehicles are available."

Answer 58

Yes pg.25 "Did the victim submerge and come back up at any period (which would reset the time for victim down)"

Answer 59

60 pg.26 "Active search and rescue operations should be done for victims that have been submerged for up to 60 minutes. This can be extended for colder water temperatures. Consider online medical control consult prior to search termination."

Answer 60

less than a minute. pg.26 "Sub-surface searches should be short duration (\< 1 minute)"

Answer 61

10 minutes. pg.26 "The maximum work period will be 10 minutes. Work period starts when personnel submerge under water and implementation of a incident timer should occur. Consider having relief personnel immediately available if possible for extended search operations."

Answer 62

10 feet. pg.26 "Sub-surface searches should be limited to water depths up to 10 feet."

Answer 63

When rescue and search operations in water transitions to boat only. pg.27 "The recovery mode occurs when the active rescue and search operating in water transitions into boat based only operations. The use of an aerial search with a PD helicopter can be beneficial."

Answer 64

"Flat water or land search. Rescuers line up at designated start point on search grid/map and proceed along a straight line with fixed distance in between each person. Once the end of the search area is reached, the lead will direct one of the ends to stand fast and others will line up to search grid in the other direction. The lead will stay back to keep everyone in sight and maintain orientation with map. Distance between rescuers will be dictated by terrain, weather, and other incident conditions. Search continues until assigned grid is completed, victim found or another assignment is ready."

Answer 65

1670 pg.29 "For the NOVA region fire departments, awareness level training will include requirements outlined in NFPA 1670 to include lecture and practical applications in the following areas:" o Hazard recognition. o Personal protection. o Activation of the emergency response system. o Gather data. o Throw bags and other shore-based rescue techniques.

Answer 66

Pg.28 "Flat water or land search technique. A rescuer(s) walks out a fixed distance, executes a 90° turn then walk a fixed distance to form the top of a mini-grid. Then through a series of switchbacks, they search the area slowly working their way back to origin/starting point. Overlap on each pass will be determined on visibility. This can be used on and/shore/water with multiple searches at same time. It is important that the lead keeps track of teams and start points to ensure no area missed and overlap occurs."

Answer 67

pg.28 "Flat water or land search. Rescuers use a fixed point as a reference to initiate a search area. Several spirals can go on at same time if needed though areas should overlap to minimized dead space in patterns due to circular nature. After a rotation the rescuer will let a length of rope out and continue in a circular pattern search along the way. This technique is well suited for shallow water searches having the center person letting out rope while the other person uses a poling tool, feet or hands to search depending on water clarity and depth. This spiral technique can be used with boats in shallow water with poling tools and the boat rotating around a center point gradually expanding the circle. On land this technique is used to locate small objects or search limited visibility areas."

Answer 68

Operations level. pg.28 "Because of the technical nature of operating aerial devices at water rescue incidents the operator should be trained to the operations level or be immediately advised by an operations trained individual."

Answer 69

Red pg.33 Awareness Level: ❑ Type III/V Coast Guard approved PFD ❑ Appropriate water rescue helmet (red color) ❑ Water rescue throw bag ❑ Whistle

Answer 70

yellow pg.33 "Appropriate water rescue helmet" o Technician – yellow

Answer 71

yellow w/red reflective stripe down center. pg.33 ❑ Appropriate water rescue helmet o Operations – yellow w/red reflective stripe down center

Answer 72

once a month pg.34 "All PFDs must be accounted for daily and inspected once a month for wear and functionality (i.e., tears, missing/broken buckles, excessive fading)"

Answer 73

Technician/Operations level pg.34 "Only Technician/Operations level personnel are to use Type V PFDs w/ blow-out straps due to the possibility of entrapment that could lead to injury or death."

Answer 74

stop, look at person pg.36 Whistle commands are as follows: One blast: Stop, look at person. Two blasts: Look upstream. Three blasts: Look downstream. Multiple blasts: Trouble.

Answer 75

look upstream pg.36 Whistle commands are as follows: One blast: Stop, look at person. Two blasts: Look upstream. Three blasts: Look downstream. Multiple blasts: Trouble.

Answer 76

Look downstream pg.36 Whistle commands are as follows: One blast: Stop, look at person. Two blasts: Look upstream. Three blasts: Look downstream. Multiple blasts: Trouble.

Answer 77

Trouble pg.36 Whistle commands are as follows: One blast: Stop, look at person. Two blasts: Look upstream. Three blasts: Look downstream. Multiple blasts: Trouble.

Answer 78

A hand on top of the head pg.36

Answer 79

2 raised fist pg.36

Answer 80

Arms crossed in a X. Wakanda 4ever pg.37

Answer 81

rotate pointer finger upwards pg.37

Answer 82

rotate pointer finger downwards pg.37

Inland Water Flashcards

(110 cards)