Truck Company Ops 1 Flashcards

Question

What is setback?

Answer 1

The horizontal distance from the building to the turntable pg.13 "The horizontal distance from the building to the turntable, known as setback, is critical to consider and may include things like parking areas, common grounds, sidewalks, and landscaping. Anything that takes up the space from the aerial turntable and the structure will ultimately have to be accounted for when determining positioning for the use of the aerial. If the aerial is needed but the turntable is too close to the building, the aerial cannot be rotated from the bedded position to the building. Optimally, towers should be able to place their bucket on the ground and/or below grade in front of the fire building, Figure 8."

Answer 2

pg.14 "The truck company is primarily responsible for the set up and operation of a stokes basket operation, Figure 9. Regardless of the type of system used to lace the patient to the basket and the rigging system used to secure the device to the aerial, truck company personnel should be familiar with the operation of not only their set up but also mutual aide truck company stokes operations."

Answer 3

laterally (side-to-side) and longitudinally (front-to-rear) pg.16 "The aerial device can be positioned one of two ways on uneven terrain: laterally (side-to-side) and longitudinally (front-to-rear). When considering both of these types of placement, personnel should reference the manufacturer’s specifciations with regard to the apparatus capabilities and capacity."

Answer 4

portion of the building that can be reached by the tip of the aerial or the bucket of the tower. pg.17 "The scrub area is the portion of the building that can be reached by the tip of the aerial or the bucket of the tower. Many variables will affect the scrub area, including the setback from the structure, the collapse zone, and overhead obstructions. When positioning, the tactical assignment will dictate whether the scrub surface coverage is needed for only one side of the building or multiple sides. Positioning on a corner allows for coverage on two sides of the building."

Answer 5

10 pg.19 Firefighters must remain aware of the electrical hazard when an aerial is extended. The following basic rules should be followed anywhere and anytime the aerial device is operating: * Firefighters should not sit or lean against a truck/tower. * Firefighters should look up at the aerial ladder’s location and make eye-to-eye contact with the operator before touching the truck. * Firefighters should be in the habit of touching a truck with the back of their hand before grabbing door handles, tools, or ground ladders when the aerial is in operation. * Personnel are discouraged of using the truck for command or rehabilitation operations if the aerial is being used near wires as these functions encourage personnel to make frequent or prolonged contact with the vehicle. Caution must be exercised when operating around energized wires. No matter the circumstances, a minimum distance of 10 feet shall be maintained between the aerial device and the wires at all times.

Answer 6

yes pg.20 "Personnel should be aware of weight restrictions for buildings and surfaces when planning to use a truck company. Weight restrictions are commonly found in parking garages and parking facilities. A posted weight restriction may allow for the operations of a truck company driving on the roadway due to the disbursement of the vehicle weight on the axles of the truck. However, when a truck company deploys the outriggers, the disbursement of weight changes and is focused on a singular spot, which may exceed the restriction. For instance, a truck company with an outrigger deployed can concentrate a weight of more than 40,000 lbs. on the spot where the outrigger contacts the roadway, exceeding 400 pounds per square inch. The usage of a jack plate can decrease the weight to the singular outrigger to 25,000 lbs. or less than 35 pounds per square inch."

Answer 7

manhole covers, storm sewer boxes, underground vaults, or curbs not supported by a sidewalk. pg.21 "The ground on which the outriggers rest must be firm and level. Outriggers shall never be placed on manhole covers, storm sewer boxes, underground vaults, or curbs not supported by a sidewalk. Be aware that these obstacles are often found in the courtyards of apartment complexes. The truck driver must frequently check the jack plates to ensure that stability has not been compromised. Master steams, when flowing for extended periods of time, may affect the stability of the ground due to large influx of water and erosion of the ground."

Answer 8

non-short jacked side of the apparatus pg.22 "Before parking and positioning the aerial device operators should ensure that no obstructions such as vehicles, curbs, or other objects will prevent the outriggers from extending fully. However, there are times when the aerial device must be positioned in a specific location but obstructions or narrow alleyways prevent the full deployment of the outriggers. If this scenario occurs, the aerial device can still be raised by short jacking one set of the outriggers. Most aerial devices will not permit the use of the ladder on the short-jacked side, as safety limiters prevent this operation. Personnel should consult the specific manufacturer’s recommendations with regard to short jacking."

Answer 9

If the fire is confirmed in the end unit, the truck company can position to access the fire unit, the Bravo exposure and the Alpha If the fire is confirmed to be in a middle unit, the truck can position in front of an exposure to access multiple floors of the fire unit and the exposures.

Answer 10

corners of a building pg.26 "The first-due truck on a high-rise should park on side Alpha unless fire location can be readily identified. If so, the truck should then park on the fire side of the building if it is accessible. If feasible, based upon the location of the fire and if the hydraulic ladder is to be used, the responding trucks can be placed at the corners of the building to ensure two-sided scrub area. Positioning at a corner of the building places the aerial apparatus in the safest location should a collapse occur, as the corners are the safest location during a collapse. This also affords the truck company the ability to access two sides of the structure with one ladder."

Answer 11

down a parallel alley and use the aerial master stream over the exposure pg.27 "During advanced fires at outdoor self-storage facilities, consider positioning the aerial device down a parallel alley and use the aerial master stream over the exposure. This allows for a master stream attack but prevents positioning within the collapse zone and away from radiant heat."

Answer 12

pg.31 "All ventilation must be coordinated with suppression activities."

Answer 13

officer, driver, and one firefighter. pg.31 "Minimum staffing for truck companies in Northern Virginia includes an officer, driver, and one firefighter."

Answer 14

pg.32 * Life safety * Incident stabilization * Property conservation

Answer 15

pg.34 "Placement of the portable ladders does not authorize a firefighter to remove a window without confirmation from interior personnel."

Answer 16

* Knox Box system * Supra Key system * Lock-Box system pg.36 Rapid entry key systems are the preferred method of entering the building in all cases. There are several brands of rapid key entry systems used in Northern Virginia: * Knox Box system * Supra Key system * Lock-Box system

Answer 17

truck company pg.37 "Control of utilities (gas, electric, and/or water) is a duty of the truck company. There are times when it is necessary to shut down utilities before an incident can be controlled. Incidents have been encountered where a fire could not be extinguished because it involved an inside gas meter or electric panel. Truck companies should shut off gas and electric as soon as possible"

Answer 18

property conservation pg.38 Salvage is property conservation and is an important, and often overlooked, part of our operation on the fireground. Salvage is meant to limit the damage caused by fire or the fire control efforts and is often done in conjunction with firefighting efforts. While it is understood that firefighting efforts shouldn’t be delayed in order to conduct salvage operations there are ways that we can perform our duty to reduce loss and conserve property while engaged in firefighting, such as: * Crew discipline. This means things like removing only those windows that are needed for immediate ventilation while opening others and limiting damage to furniture and not displacing it unnecessarily. Another example is the use of the thermal imager to assist in overhaul, thereby lessoning undue damage while searching for hidden fire. * Placing photographs in desk drawers or under bed sheets to eliminate the smoke/water damage. * Placing jewelry in drawers for security. * Move items into another room not affected by fire prior to beginning overhaul operations. * Using water chutes.

Answer 19

a thorough and deliberate check for fire extension pg.39 "Overhaul is a thorough and deliberate check for fire extension. The fire area is essentially stripped to its frame and contents are removed. Overhaul operations should be planned and systematic as time and speed are not as critical. It is mandatory that the condition and stability of the structure be evaluated before overhaul begins. Although utility control is normally already completed by this stage in the operation, confirm that it has been done prior to initiating overhaul."

Answer 20

high, hydraulic and mechanical overhaul pg.39 "A report shall be made to the IC following the pre-overhaul safety inspection. Based on the report, the intensity of the task, and the staffing required to carry it out an overhaul strategy should be developed for the event. Prior to committing personnel, a decision by the IC must be made balancing the risk involved with manual overhaul. If the risk is high, hydraulic and mechanical overhaul should be considered."

Answer 21

A or B at 1 % pg.40 "Consider using Class A or B foam at 1% to penetrate deep-seated fires, like those found in cardboard storage facilities, during overhaul operations."

Answer 22

combustible roofing materials pg.41 "Overhaul is vital during grease duct fires, common in restaurants. Grease duct fires may easily extend to combustible roofing materials. A thorough check should be completed from both below and above the roofline."

Answer 23

dimensional lumber relying on it's mass for strength pg.42 "Conventional roof construction uses dimensional lumber that relies on its mass for strength. The minimum size for support members in this construction is 2” x 6”. The greater the span required of the structural member, the larger the dimension of the lumber. Conventional roof construction does not typically depend on the total sum of all the structural components to support a given load. The individual support member depends on its mass for the strength to support the load."

Answer 24

2" x 6" pg.42 "Conventional roof construction uses dimensional lumber that relies on its mass for strength. The minimum size for support members in this construction is 2” x 6”. The greater the span required of the structural member, the larger the dimension of the lumber. Conventional roof construction does not typically depend on the total sum of all the structural components to support a given load. The individual support member depends on its mass for the strength to support the load."

Answer 25

* trusses in compression and tension * strength is dependent on each component * common lightweight construction uses 2" x 3" or 2" x 4" wood members held by metal trusses pg.42 "Unlike conventional construction, lightweight construction does not derive its strength from the shear mass of the lumber, but is the result of geometry and individual, lighter-weight members that are in compression and tension. These structures are commonly referred to as trusses. According to Francis Brannigan, a truss is defined as, “a framed structure consisting of a triangle or group of triangles arranged in a single plane in such a manner that loads applied at the points of intersections of the members will cause only direct stresses (tension and compression) in the members. Loads applied between these points cause flexural or bending stresses.”3 The strength of the entire truss system is dependent on each component. Should one of these components fail, it is likely that the entire truss system will fail and, subsequently, each truss system after that. A common lightweight construction practice uses 2” x 3” or 2” x 4” wood structural members held together by metal truss connectors, Figure 32. In three-story structures and larger, the first floor will be constructed using 2” x 6”. It should be noted that all lumber is measured prior to milling and will reduce the size of the material by 1⁄2”. A 2” x 3” is actually 1 1⁄2” x 2 1⁄2” and a 2” x 4” is actually 1 1⁄2” x 3 1⁄2”."

Answer 26

pg.43 "The use of lightweight trusses equals low mass and short burn time, early failure, and collapse."

Answer 27

pg.43 "In structures where the trusses span large areas, there is the potential for catastrophic collapse under fire conditions. Members should not be on the roof of a structure where fire is suspected or confirmed in the truss area without being independently supported."

Answer 28

Truss and plywood I-beams pg.43 "The truss and plywood I-beams, Figure 33, have become more common than dimensional floor joists or roof rafters, which are found in older conventional construction. The same truss construction concept may be found in floor joist assemblies as well. Another type worth noting is the plywood I-beam ,which is constructed using 2”x4”s for the top and bottom cords and the webbing or center core area is accomplished using oriented strand board (OSB). Again, as an engineered lumber, it makes for a relatively sound construction component, but when exposed to fire it will fail more quickly than sawn lumber. In addition to the lighter mass of the plywood I- beam, contractors will often decrease this mass even further by drilling through the OSB in order to pass wires, conduit, and pipes for plumbing."

Answer 29

16 minutes pg.44 "When under fire conditions, the center chord of the ply-I will burn away quickly, while the plywood floor that is supported by the ply-I sustains little or no damage. Wood joists made with dimensional lumber provide higher fire resistance as compared to engineered floor joists. In this test program, traditional lumber joists failed at about 16 minutes, while engineered floor joists failed at about six minutes under ASTM E-119 fire exposure. A firefighter standing on this floor can fall abruptly into the basement of this structure."

Answer 30

6 minutes pg.44 "When under fire conditions, the center chord of the ply-I will burn away quickly, while the plywood floor that is supported by the ply-I sustains little or no damage. Wood joists made with dimensional lumber provide higher fire resistance as compared to engineered floor joists. In this test program, traditional lumber joists failed at about 16 minutes, while engineered floor joists failed at about six minutes under ASTM E-119 fire exposure.4 A firefighter standing on this floor can fall abruptly into the basement of this structure."

Answer 31

pg.44 "When under fire conditions, the center chord of the ply-I will burn away quickly, while the plywood floor that is supported by the ply-I sustains little or no damage. Wood joists made with dimensional lumber provide higher fire resistance as compared to engineered floor joists"

Answer 32

chain saw pg.45 "The conventional A-frame Gable style roof using dimensional lumber/Type-III ordinary construction roofing system has moderate resistance to failure under fire conditions, Figure 35. The use of dimensional lumber and nails enables this roof to resist the effects of fire for a moderate amount of time. These roofing systems tend to burn away rather than collapse into the building. A chain saw is the standard tool of choice for rapid vertical ventilation."

Answer 33

pg.45 "The lightweight A-frame type roofing system is vulnerable to rapid failure under fire conditions, Figure 37. The use of lightweight 2” x 4” joist, truss plates, and plywood reduce the structural mass and create rapid failure. These roofs tend to burn away rather than collapse into the building. Firefighters must not work on these roofs directly over the fire. Unless positioned well ahead of the fire, firefighters should work independently of the roofing system (aerial ladder/tower bucket). A chain saw is the tool of choice for rapid vertical ventilation."

Answer 34

* moderately resistant to failure under fire * wood members provide significant mass * multiple layers of wood glued together * exttended heat causes glue to decompose * violent collapses as roof tends to kick out at base * can fail suddenly without warning * wood planking/metal are common decking materials pg.47 "The one-piece laminated arch roofing system is moderately resistant to failure under fire conditions, Figure 39 and Figure 40. The use of large wooden structural members provides significant mass. Unlike heavy timber construction, these large mass timbers are multiple layers of wood and are glued together. Extended exposure to heat will cause the glue to decompose and the arch to lose its structural integrity. This roofing design tends to kick out at the base and collapse violently into the structure upon failure. They typically fail suddenly and without warning. Firefighters should operate independently from an aerial or tower bucket. The choice of ventilation tool will vary upon the roof deck material. Wood planking and metal are common decking materials."

Answer 35

* vunerbale to rapid failure when under fire conditions * lightweight 2 x 4 joist, truss plates and plywood reduce strucutal mass * roofs burn away rather than collapse pg.46 "The lightweight truss roofing system is vulnerable to rapid failure under fire conditions, Figure 38. The use of lightweight 2” x 4” joist, truss plates and plywood reduce the structural mass and create rapid failure. These roofs tend to burn away rather than collapse into the building. Firefighters must not work on these roofs directly over the fire. While working under these roof systems firefighters should attempt to operate in smaller compartments due to large spans and concentrated loads. Unless positioned well ahead of the fire, firefighters shall work independently of the roofing system (aerial ladder/tower bucket). A chain saw is the tool of choice for rapid vertical ventilation."

Answer 36

* fails faster than 1 piece lamiated arch * large wooden structural members provided mass * multiple layers of wood glued together (decomposses under fire) * bolted together w/metal gusset plates * when gusset plates fail so does the arch * kicks out at the base * failure without warning pg.48 "The multiple-section laminated arches roofing system is subject to failure faster than the one piece laminated arch. The use of large wooden structural members provides significant mass. Unlike heavy timber construction, these large mass timbers are multiple layers of wood that are glued together. Extended exposure to heat will cause the glue to decompose and the arch to lose its integrity. Unlike the one-piece laminated arch, the multi-section laminated arch is typically bolted together with metal gusset plates, Figure 41. The metal gusset plates absorb heat at a rate much higher rate than wood. When the metal gusset plate fails, the entire arch will fail. This roofing design tends to kick out at the base and collapse violently into the structure upon failure. They typically fail suddenly and without warning. Firefighters should operate independently from an aerial or tower bucket. The choice of ventilation tool will vary upon the roof deck material. Wood planking and metal are common decking materials."

Answer 37

Rotary disk saws are the tools of choice for rapid ventilation. pg.49 "The metal roof deck roofing system’s ability to resist the effects of fire depends on the supporting system, Figure 42. These types of roofs are typically supported by metal bar joist. Unprotected metal bar joist are subject to rapid failure under fire conditions. Although subject to rather rapid deterioration, this roofing system typically provides warning signs of pending failure. However, should you have a failure of the steel support girder system that supports the metal deck there may be no warning at all, dropping the entire roof system at once. Hot bubbling melting tar, white smoke issuing from the deck, and a soft feeling under foot are all signs of pending failure. The collapse pattern will depend on the supporting system’s failure. If multiple supporting metal trusses fail simultaneously, the entire roof system may violently collapse into the building. Firefighters should not work directly over the fire on the hot slippery tar. Rotary disk saws are the tools of choice for rapid ventilation."

Answer 38

rotary disk pg.50 " The poured-in-place concrete roof’s ability to resist the effects of fire depends on the supporting system, Figure 43. These type roofs are typically supported by metal bar joist. Unprotected metal bar joists are subject to rapid failure under fire conditions. Unlike the metal roof deck, a flat concrete roof may give little, if any, warning of pending failure. If multiple supporting metal trusses fail simultaneously, the entire roof system may violently collapse into the building. Concrete has satisfactory compression strength but minimal tensile strength. A steel cable runs in hollow tubes and is pulled tight as the concrete is drying; this is known as post tensioning and is performed to provide tensile strength. Metal anchors hold tension on the cable. As concrete is heated, the moisture content may expand and cause spalling. Spalling refers to sections of concrete breaking and popping off. Spalling may expose the metal tensioning cables. If the heat causes the metal tensioning cable(s) to fail, that portion of the concrete roof will fail. If multiple cables fail, expect a large collapse. These roofs tend to collapse violently into the building, often collapsing other walls as they fail. The rotary disk saw is the tool of choice for rapid ventilation. DO NOT cut the cables. Personnel should be aware that the cables might be encased in PVC or other materials. If the presence of PVC bits is noticed discharging from the saw this is good indication that you may have begun to cut into a cable and the cutting operation should stop until an inspection can be made. A sledgehammer may be used to knock the concrete off the cables. Many rescue companies carry concrete cutting wet saws."

Answer 39

* usually supported by metal bar joist * hot bubbling melting tar, white smoke, soft feeling under foot - impending failure signs * When heated the asphalt emits combustible vapors * vapors contribute to fire extension pg.49 "The metal roof deck roofing system’s ability to resist the effects of fire depends on the supporting system, Figure 42. These types of roofs are typically supported by metal bar joist. Unprotected metal bar joist are subject to rapid failure under fire conditions. Although subject to rather rapid deterioration, this roofing system typically provides warning signs of pending failure. However, should you have a failure of the steel support girder system that supports the metal deck there may be no warning at all, dropping the entire roof system at once. Hot bubbling melting tar, white smoke issuing from the deck, and a soft feeling under foot are all signs of pending failure. The collapse pattern will depend on the supporting system’s failure. If multiple supporting metal trusses fail simultaneously, the entire roof system may violently collapse into the building. Firefighters should not work directly over the fire on the hot slippery tar. Rotary disk saws are the tools of choice for rapid ventilation. This type of roofing system was initially designed to resist the effects of fire and was used exclusively in non-combustible buildings. Following several large fires in buildings with this roofing system, engineers discovered that the roofing system actually contributed to the fire spread. As heat is applied to the underside of the metal deck, the asphalt becomes hot and emits combustible vapors. The vapors are pushed downward through the metal deck seams and contribute to the extension of the fire."

Answer 40

* typically supported by metal bar joist * flat concrete roof may give little, if any, warning of pending failure * Concrete has satisfactory compression strength but minimal tensile strength * post tensioning - steel cable ran in hollow tubes and is pulled as concrete is drying * DO NOT CUT CABLES!!! * rotary disk saw for rapid ventilation * Sledge hammer may be used to knock of concrete pg. 50 " The poured-in-place concrete roof’s ability to resist the effects of fire depends on the supporting system, Figure 43. These type roofs are typically supported by metal bar joist. Unprotected metal bar joists are subject to rapid failure under fire conditions. Unlike the metal roof deck, a flat concrete roof may give little, if any, warning of pending failure. If multiple supporting metal trusses fail simultaneously, the entire roof system may violently collapse into the building. Concrete has satisfactory compression strength but minimal tensile strength. A steel cable runs in hollow tubes and is pulled tight as the concrete is drying; this is known as post tensioning and is performed to provide tensile strength. Metal anchors hold tension on the cable. As concrete is heated, the moisture content may expand and cause spalling. Spalling refers to sections of concrete breaking and popping off. Spalling may expose the metal tensioning cables. If the heat causes the metal tensioning cable(s) to fail, that portion of the concrete roof will fail. If multiple cables fail, expect a large collapse. These roofs tend to collapse violently into the building, often collapsing other walls as they fail. The rotary disk saw is the tool of choice for rapid ventilation. DO NOT cut the cables. Personnel should be aware that the cables might be encased in PVC or other materials. If the presence of PVC bits is noticed discharging from the saw this is good indication that you may have begun to cut into a cable and the cutting operation should stop until an inspection can be made. A sledgehammer may be used to knock the concrete off the cables. Many rescue companies carry concrete cutting wet saws."

Answer 41

* Fire resitance is limited as compared to solid concrete * concrete poured overpre- tensioned cables * no anchors, as found in post- tensioned concrete * concrete itself holds the cable in place * Concrete is aerated to make it lighter * DO NOT CUT CABLES!!! pg. 50/51 "A lightweight pre-cast concrete roof’s ability to resist the effects of fire is limited when compared to solid concrete, Figure 44. The pre-cast panels are typically poured off site. Concrete is poured over pre-tensioned cables. After the concrete is dry, the concrete panels are cut to the desired size and shipped to the construction site. There are no anchors, as found in post- tensioned concrete. The concrete itself holds the cable in place. As concrete is heated, the moisture content may expand and cause spalling. These roofs tend to collapse violently into the building, often collapsing other walls as they fail. Lightweight concrete is also aerated. Air is injected into the concrete and many lightweight concrete slabs have hollow holes through the concrete. Both of these engineering techniques are used to make the concrete lighter. As with most materials, less mass equals less resistance to fire. If the heat causes the metal tensioning cable(s) to fail, that portion of the concrete roof will fail. If multiple cables fail, expect a large collapse. DO NOT cut the cables."

Answer 42

Flat Concrete Roof/Pre-cast or Poured-in-place with Concrete Columns, because of the large concrete columns supporting it Total collapse is unlikely. pg.51 "Of all the concrete roofing systems, this one has the greatest resistance to fire, not because of the specific roof, but because of the large concrete columns that support it, Figure 45. Although collapse is never eliminated under fire conditions, a total catastrophic collapse would be unlikely."

Truck Company Ops 1 Flashcards

(71 cards)